The Philodendron Colombia, or Philodendron verrucosum, is a visually stunning aroid from the humid cloud forests of Central and South America, particularly Ecuador and Colombia. It is prized for its distinct velvety leaves with prominent veins and striking red or reddish-brown undersides, making it a popular addition to plant collections.
Understanding Philodendron Colombia
Philodendron verrucosum is distinguished by its large, heart-shaped leaves with a soft, velvety texture. The upper surface is typically deep green with contrasting veins, while the undersides are a rich maroon or purple. As a hemi-epiphyte, it grows both in the ground and by attaching to trees using aerial roots. Its vining habit allows it to reach 2 to 3 feet indoors with support like a moss pole. The fuzzy, bristled petioles also add to its unique appearance.
Essential Care for Philodendron Colombia
Light
Philodendron verrucosum thrives in bright, indirect light. An east-facing window or a lightly shaded south or west window provides suitable conditions. Avoid direct sunlight, as it can scorch leaves, causing brown spots or bleached patches. Insufficient light may result in leggy growth, smaller leaves, and less vibrant coloration.
Watering
Philodendron verrucosum prefers consistent moisture but is sensitive to overwatering, which can cause root rot. Water when the top 1 to 2 inches of soil feel dry. Thoroughly drench the soil until water drains from the pot’s bottom, then allow excess water to drain completely. Avoid letting the soil dry out completely for extended periods, as this can stress the plant, leading to drooping or brown, dry leaf edges.
Soil
A well-draining, airy, and rich soil mix is important for Philodendron verrucosum. A suitable blend includes components like orchid bark, perlite, and coco coir or peat moss, providing moisture retention and aeration. This chunky mix helps prevent waterlogging. Adding horticultural charcoal can also absorb excess moisture and maintain soil freshness.
Humidity and Temperature
High humidity, ideally above 60% and optimally 70-80%, is important for Philodendron verrucosum’s robust growth. Low humidity can cause brown leaf tips or edges. Increase humidity using a humidifier, grouping plants, or placing the pot on a pebble tray. The plant prefers warm conditions, with ideal temperatures between 65°F (18°C) and 85°F (29°C). Protect it from cold drafts and sudden temperature drops, especially below 55-60°F (13-16°C), to prevent stress.
Fertilization
During the active growing season (spring and summer), Philodendron verrucosum benefits from regular fertilization. Apply a balanced liquid fertilizer diluted to half strength every 4-6 weeks. Avoid over-fertilization, as it can lead to salt buildup and cause leaf burn or brown edges. Reduce or pause fertilization during fall and winter when the plant’s growth naturally slows.
Propagating Philodendron Colombia
Propagating Philodendron verrucosum is achieved through stem cuttings. Select a healthy stem section with at least one node, where new roots will emerge. Make a clean cut below the node, removing any lower leaves that would be submerged.
Cuttings can be rooted in water or a moist medium like sphagnum moss or perlite. If using water, submerge the node and change water every few days. For moss or perlite, keep the medium consistently moist and provide a warm, humid environment. Once roots are a few inches long, transfer the cutting to a well-draining potting mix.
Common Issues and Solutions
Yellowing leaves often indicate overwatering, poor drainage, or nutrient deficiencies. If soil is soggy, allow it to dry more between waterings and ensure good drainage.
Brown leaf tips or edges frequently point to low humidity, inconsistent watering, or salt buildup from excessive fertilizer. Increase humidity and periodically flush the soil to remove accumulated salts.
Common houseplant pests like spider mites, aphids, and mealybugs can affect Philodendron verrucosum. Regularly inspect the plant, especially leaf undersides, for early detection. Apply organic treatments like insecticidal soap or neem oil to manage infestations.
Stunted or leggy growth suggests insufficient light; relocate the plant to a brighter, indirect light source.