Nystatin is an antifungal medication prescribed to treat various fungal infections. This article covers its applications, how it works, common administration methods, and potential side effects. Understanding these aspects can help individuals know what to expect when prescribed this medication.
What Nystatin Treats
Nystatin treats infections caused by Candida species. A common condition it addresses is oral thrush, also known as oral candidiasis, which manifests as white patches inside the mouth and on the tongue. It is also effective against vaginal yeast infections (vaginal candidiasis), characterized by itching and discharge.
Beyond oral and vaginal infections, nystatin can treat cutaneous candidiasis, including fungal diaper rash. It may also be used for intestinal candidiasis and esophageal candidiasis, where the infection affects the digestive tract or esophagus. Nystatin can also be administered as a preventive measure in patients with weakened immune systems, such as those undergoing chemotherapy or organ transplantation.
How Nystatin Works and Is Used
Nystatin works by targeting the fungal cell membrane. It binds to ergosterol, a substance found in fungal cell membranes but not in human cells. This binding disrupts the integrity of the fungal cell membrane, causing it to become permeable. This allows internal components to leak out, ultimately leading to the death of the fungal cell.
Nystatin is available in several forms, each tailored for specific infection sites. For oral thrush, it is often prescribed as an oral suspension (liquid) or pastilles (lozenges). The oral suspension is swished around the mouth for several minutes before being swallowed to ensure contact with infected areas. Pastilles dissolve slowly in the mouth, releasing the medication directly where needed.
For skin infections like diaper rash, nystatin is available as a topical cream or ointment, applied directly to the affected skin. Vaginal yeast infections are treated with nystatin in the form of vaginal tablets or suppositories. Following instructions from a healthcare professional for the prescribed form and dosage is important for effective treatment.
Common Experiences and Side Effects
Many individuals experience positive outcomes with nystatin, noting relief from symptoms. For instance, those with oral thrush often report a reduction in white patches and discomfort after starting treatment. Completing the full prescribed course of medication, even if symptoms improve quickly, is important to ensure the infection is completely cleared and to prevent recurrence.
While well-tolerated, nystatin can cause common side effects, particularly with oral forms. These may include mild gastrointestinal upset, such as nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea. Some individuals may also experience irritation or burning in the mouth, especially with oral suspensions or pastilles. Taking oral nystatin with food can help mitigate stomach discomfort.
Topical applications of nystatin, such as creams or ointments, may lead to localized skin reactions like redness, itching, or irritation at the application site. Although less common, more severe reactions, such as allergic responses characterized by hives, difficulty breathing, or swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat, can occur. If any severe or bothersome side effects develop, or if symptoms worsen, contact a healthcare professional for guidance.