When individuals cannot consume adequate nutrition by mouth, enteral feeding delivers nutrition directly to the gastrointestinal tract via a feeding tube. Two frequently used types are the nasogastric (NG) tube and the gastrostomy (G) tube. While both provide nutrition when oral intake is impossible, they differ in placement, duration of use, and impact on daily life.
Understanding the Nasogastric (NG) Tube
A nasogastric tube is a thin, flexible tube inserted through a nostril, down the esophagus, and into the stomach. The placement is a non-surgical procedure that can be performed at a patient’s bedside, avoiding any incisions or anesthesia. This makes it a straightforward option for initiating nutritional support quickly.
The primary use for NG tubes is for short-term needs, when nutritional support is anticipated for less than four to six weeks. Because the tube is secured with tape to the face, its presence in the nasal passage and throat can cause discomfort, and it may become dislodged.
Understanding the Gastrostomy (G) Tube
A gastrostomy tube, or G-tube, is placed directly into the stomach through a small, surgically created opening in the abdomen known as a stoma. Placement requires a minor procedure, such as a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG), where a scope guides the tube into position.
G-tubes are the standard for individuals who require nutritional support for an extended period, such as months or even years. Once the stoma site has healed, the G-tube is more comfortable and can be concealed under clothing, allowing for greater discretion.
Key Deciding Factors Between NG and G Tubes
The most significant factor when choosing between tubes is the anticipated duration of feeding. NG tubes are recommended for needs lasting less than four to six weeks. For support beyond this timeframe, a G-tube is the more sustainable option. Sometimes, a trial with an NG tube is used to ensure a patient tolerates feeds before a G-tube is placed.
The placement processes for these tubes are different. An NG tube insertion is a temporary, non-surgical event. In contrast, a G-tube requires a minor surgical or endoscopic procedure to create a stoma for long-term access, reflecting its use for more prolonged situations.
Patient comfort and impact on daily life are also considerations. The NG tube’s path through the nose and throat can cause irritation, and its visibility is constant. A healed G-tube site is low-profile and can be hidden under clothing, allowing for a more normal routine.
Daily care routines also differ. Both tubes require regular flushing to stay clear. NG tube care involves managing the tape on the nose and monitoring for skin breakdown, while G-tube care focuses on keeping the stoma site clean and dry to prevent infection.