The myrtle plant, scientifically known as Myrtus communis, is a versatile evergreen shrub or small tree. While sometimes misspelled as “mytry,” this plant is widely appreciated for its aesthetic appeal and aromatic qualities. Native to the Mediterranean region, it has been cultivated for centuries as an ornamental specimen. Its small, dark green leaves release a pleasant scent when brushed, complementing the delicate white, fuzzy flowers that typically emerge in late summer. These blossoms are often followed by small, purplish-black berries, adding further interest to the plant’s display.
Myrtle Plant Care
Myrtle plants thrive with at least six hours of direct sunlight daily, which promotes vigorous growth and abundant flowering. They can tolerate some partial shade, particularly in hotter climates, but insufficient light may result in leggy growth and reduced bloom production. For indoor myrtle plants, positioning them near a south or west-facing window, or supplementing with grow lights, can provide the necessary brightness.
Young plants require consistent moisture and should be watered regularly, often weekly, to establish their root systems. Mature plants develop a greater tolerance for drought, but it is beneficial to water them deeply when the top one to two inches of soil feel dry to the touch. Avoid overwatering, as excessively wet soil can lead to root rot and yellowing foliage. Using rainwater or distilled water is recommended, as myrtle can be sensitive to the high lime content found in some tap water.
Myrtle plants prefer well-drained, moderately fertile soil. They prefer a slightly acidic to neutral pH range, generally between 6.0 and 8.3. While they can adapt to various soil types like sand, loam, or clay, proper drainage remains the most important factor. For container-grown myrtle, a potting mix amended with materials such as peat, perlite, or sand can improve drainage and aeration.
Myrtle plants are hardy in USDA Zones 8 through 11 and can tolerate temperatures ranging from approximately 30°F to 95°F. However, they are sensitive to frost and require protection when temperatures drop below 10°F. Myrtle prefers moderate humidity; for indoor plants, a cooler rest period around 50°F during winter can be beneficial.
Fertilize in early spring, coinciding with the start of their active growing season. Outdoor plants typically benefit from a single annual application. For indoor myrtle plants, a liquid fertilizer can be applied weekly throughout the growing season. A balanced fertilizer with an N-P-K ratio like 8-8-8 or 10-10-10 is suitable; water the plant thoroughly after fertilization. Avoid fertilizing in late fall and winter as the plant’s growth naturally slows.
Pruning Myrtle
Pruning myrtle plants helps maintain their shape and promotes denser growth. Prune after the plant has finished blooming, or in late winter to early spring before new growth emerges. Light shaping can encourage a bushier habit, while more significant structural pruning can be used to train them into hedges or formal topiary shapes. Removing any dead or weak stems improves the plant’s overall health and appearance. Deadheading spent flowers encourages the plant to produce more flowers.
Propagating Myrtle
Myrtle plants are commonly propagated using semi-hardwood stem cuttings, a method generally more reliable than growing from seed. Select healthy, non-flowering shoots that are about four to six inches in length. Remove the leaves from the lower portion of each cutting, then dip the cut end into a rooting hormone to encourage root development.
Plant the prepared cuttings in a well-draining rooting medium. A mixture of sand and compost, or peat, perlite, and sand, works well. Keep the soil consistently moist but ensure it is not waterlogged to prevent rot. Place the potted cuttings in a location that receives bright, indirect sunlight and maintains a consistent, warm temperature. Rooting typically occurs within six to twelve weeks, and the emergence of new growth indicates successful propagation.
Common Myrtle Plant Problems
Myrtle plants can encounter common issues, including pests and diseases. Common pests that may affect myrtle include:
Scale
Spider mites
Thrips
Aphids
Signs of an infestation can include sticky honeydew secretions, sooty mold, yellowing leaves, or distorted new growth.
Diseases include powdery mildew and root rot. Powdery mildew appears as a white, powdery growth on leaves and is linked to poor air circulation and high humidity. Root rot, characterized by wilting foliage, stunted growth, and discolored roots, results from overwatering or poorly draining soil. Addressing these problems involves ensuring good air circulation, adjusting watering practices, and, for pests, using appropriate treatments like insecticidal soap.