Myrtle spurge (Euphorbia myrsinites) is a distinctive succulent perennial known for its unique blue-green foliage and bright yellow-green spring flowers. It forms tight spirals along trailing stems. Valued for its hardiness and remarkable drought tolerance, it is a low-maintenance plant that thrives in various garden settings.
Understanding Myrtle Spurge’s Natural Spread
Myrtle spurge spreads robustly through several mechanisms. It reproduces prolifically by seed, with pods explosively flinging seeds up to 15 feet. These seeds remain viable in soil for about eight years. The plant also spreads vigorously through its extensive root system, where root fragments can generate new plants. Its adaptability to various soil conditions and climates further enhances its naturalization.
Important Considerations Before Propagating
Propagating myrtle spurge carries significant environmental and personal responsibilities. This plant is classified as an invasive species in many regions, including Colorado, Oregon, Washington, and California. Its aggressive growth outcompetes native plant species, reducing local biodiversity and altering natural ecosystems. Some areas have enacted legal restrictions or bans on its sale and cultivation to mitigate its spread.
A notable hazard is its milky white sap, or latex, exuded when any part of the plant is broken. This sap is a known irritant, causing severe skin irritation, including redness, swelling, and blisters upon contact. Eye contact can lead to severe irritation or temporary blindness. Ingesting the sap can cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Always wear protective gear, such as gloves, long sleeves, and eye protection, when handling myrtle spurge to prevent exposure. Given these concerns, propagation should only be considered in controlled environments, typically for removal or in regions where it is not invasive.
Manual Propagation Techniques
Manual propagation of myrtle spurge can be achieved through several effective methods.
Stem Cuttings
Taking stem cuttings is a common and effective approach. Cuttings should be 3 to 6 inches long, taken from healthy, non-flowering stems in late spring or early summer. Allow severed ends to callus for two to three days to prevent rot before planting. Plant callused cuttings in a well-draining or soilless medium, such as sand and perlite or peat moss. Regular misting encourages root development, typically within four to six weeks.
Dividing Clumps
Dividing established clumps is another method, best performed in early spring or fall. Carefully dig up the mature plant, ensuring each section retains a portion of the root system. This creates new plants with established structures, leading to quicker establishment.
Collecting and Sowing Seeds
Collecting and sowing seeds is possible, but requires careful timing due to explosive seed dispersal. Collect seeds before pods fully mature and release contents. For germination, plant seeds in containers with a well-draining seed-starting mix, lightly covering them. A warm, bright environment (75-85°F during the day) facilitates germination, which may take three to four weeks.
Caring for Propagated Myrtle Spurge
Once propagated, initial care focuses on establishment. Newly propagated plants require consistent, but not excessive, watering until their root systems are fully developed. It is important to allow the soil to dry out between watering sessions to prevent root rot, as myrtle spurge is highly susceptible to overwatering. After establishment, the plant becomes exceptionally drought tolerant and requires minimal supplemental watering.
Myrtle spurge thrives in full sun exposure, which promotes optimal growth and flowering. While it prefers full sun, it can tolerate partial shade. The plant is adaptable to various soil types but performs best in well-draining conditions. Ensuring excellent drainage is paramount to the health of propagated myrtle spurge.