The Monstera genus, known for its distinctive perforated foliage, is popular in indoor cultivation. However, visual similarities among species often lead to identification challenges. This article clarifies the differences between Monstera acuminata and Monstera adansonii.
Understanding Monstera Acuminata
Monstera acuminata, sometimes known as the shingle plant, is native to the tropical rainforests of Central America, spanning from Mexico to Honduras and Belize. Young plants often grow horizontally, with their leaves shingling closely against a surface. As it matures and finds support, it climbs vertically.
The leaves of Monstera acuminata in its juvenile form are typically heart-shaped, thick, and waxy, around 4 inches long. Mature leaves can reach up to 10 inches in length and are generally ovate to lanceolate, tapering to a pointed tip. The texture is smooth or slightly velvety, giving them a matte appearance. Fenestrations may not appear until the plant is several years old.
Understanding Monstera Adansonii
Monstera adansonii, widely known as the Swiss Cheese Plant, is prevalent across much of South and Central America. This species thrives in warm, humid conditions within tropical forests, functioning as a hemiepiphyte vine that uses aerial roots to climb trees. As an indoor plant, it can reach heights of 3 to 8 feet with support.
The foliage of Monstera adansonii is characterized by medium to dark green, heart-shaped leaves. These leaves possess a thick, waxy, and often glossy texture. Its distinguishing oval perforations are typically present from a young age.
Primary Distinctions Between Them
While both Monstera acuminata and Monstera adansonii are vining plants with fenestrated leaves, several key differences aid in their identification.
The leaf shape of M. acuminata tends to be more elongated and pointed (ovate to lanceolate), while M. adansonii typically exhibits a broader, more distinct heart-shaped or ovate leaf.
Regarding texture, Monstera acuminata leaves generally have a smoother or slightly velvety, matte feel. Conversely, Monstera adansonii leaves are known for their thicker, waxy, and often glossy surface.
Fenestration patterns also vary: M. acuminata often has smaller, more numerous, and irregularly shaped holes that may take several years to develop. M. adansonii, however, displays larger, more uniform, and often oval-shaped perforations that are present even on young plants.
In terms of overall growth, Monstera acuminata can grow vigorously, though it might be considered more compact indoors, reaching around 7 to 8 feet. Its petiole tends to be thicker and larger in diameter. Monstera adansonii also exhibits a climbing habit, but its growth is often described as more sprawling, with leaves that can grow larger, sometimes up to 14 inches on mature plants.
Shared and Unique Care Requirements
Both Monstera acuminata and Monstera adansonii are tropical plants that thrive under similar environmental conditions, making their general care routines largely consistent. Both species prefer bright, indirect sunlight, mimicking their natural habitat beneath a rainforest canopy. Direct sun can scorch their leaves, while insufficient light may lead to slower growth and fewer fenestrations.
Well-draining soil that retains some moisture is suitable for both, often achieved with a peat-based potting mix amended with perlite or orchid bark. Consistent watering is important, allowing the top 2-3 inches of soil to dry out between waterings to prevent root rot. Overwatering can cause leaf yellowing, while underwatering may lead to drooping.
High humidity is beneficial for both Monstera species, ideally above 60%. Temperatures between 65°F and 85°F are generally favored, and neither plant tolerates temperatures below 50°F well. Regular fertilization during the growing season (spring and summer) with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer helps support their vigorous growth. While their fundamental needs align, M. adansonii is slightly more sensitive to consistent moisture levels in its soil.