The Monster Fern, known scientifically as Phymatosorus scolopendria, is a tropical plant appreciated for its unique foliage. It also goes by other names, including Monarch Fern and Wart Fern. Native to various tropical regions of the Old World, this fern is a widely cultivated plant for gardens and indoor spaces. It is important to distinguish it from the popular Monstera deliciosa, as they are unrelated species despite the similar common name. The “monster” naming likely refers to its ability to spread and grow to a considerable size.
Distinctive Features of the Monster Fern
The fronds of the Monster Fern are its most prominent feature, displaying a glossy, light green surface. These leaves are deeply pinnatifid, meaning they are cut into lobes, with anywhere from one to nine on each side of the central midrib. The fronds themselves can grow up to two feet (60 cm) in length.
An identifying trait is the presence of sori, which are clusters of spore-producing structures, on the underside of the leaves. These sori are deeply sunken into the leaf tissue, creating noticeable bumps on the upper surface, which is how the plant earned the nickname “Wart Fern”. Another defining feature is its creeping rhizome, the plant’s stem, which is white and waxy, growing horizontally along the surface of the soil.
Core Care Requirements
This fern thrives in bright, indirect light. Direct sunlight should be avoided as it can scorch the delicate fronds, making a spot near a window with filtered light ideal. While hardy enough to tolerate some direct sun, consistent harsh light is detrimental.
Consistent moisture is necessary for this plant. The soil should be kept evenly moist but never waterlogged, as this can lead to root rot. A good practice is to water the plant when the top layer of soil begins to feel partially dry. Allowing the soil to dry out completely should be avoided.
A well-draining, loamy mix is the proper soil composition. An ideal potting medium retains some moisture while allowing excess water to escape freely, such as a blend containing orchid bark, perlite, and peat moss. The soil pH should be slightly acidic to neutral.
As a tropical native, the Monster Fern prospers in high humidity and warm temperatures, preferring levels around 70% and temperatures near 25°C (77°F). You can achieve this in a home by placing the plant in a humid room, like a bathroom, or by using a humidifier. These conditions mimic its natural habitat.
Propagation and Common Problems
The most common way to multiply a Monster Fern is through rhizome division during the spring or summer. To propagate, remove the plant from its container and identify a healthy section of the rhizome with several fronds. Using a clean tool, cut a portion and plant it in a new pot with fresh, well-draining soil.
Pests such as scale and mealybugs can occasionally become a problem. Crispy, brown frond edges often indicate low humidity. Yellowing leaves can be a symptom of overwatering, signaling that the soil is not draining properly or the watering frequency is too high.