Monkeypox is a viral disease caused by the monkeypox virus, which is part of the Orthopoxvirus genus. While historically endemic in parts of Central and West Africa, it has recently emerged as a global public health concern, with cases spreading to countries not typically found, including New York City.
Understanding Monkeypox Transmission and Symptoms
Monkeypox primarily spreads through close, often skin-to-skin contact with infectious lesions, scabs, or body fluids. Contact with contaminated materials, such as bedding, towels, or clothing, can also lead to transmission. The virus can also spread through respiratory secretions during prolonged face-to-face contact, though it is not easily transmitted through casual interactions.
Following exposure, the incubation period typically ranges from 3 to 17 days before symptoms appear. Early symptoms can resemble the flu, including fever, headache, muscle aches, exhaustion, and chills. Swollen lymph nodes are also a common early sign.
These initial symptoms are often followed by the development of a characteristic rash, which can appear as pimples or blisters. The rash can emerge on various parts of the body, including the face, mouth, hands, feet, chest, genitals, or anus, and it progresses through several stages before scabbing over and healing. While some individuals experience flu-like symptoms before the rash, others may develop the rash first or only experience a rash. The illness typically lasts for two to four weeks.
Protecting Yourself in New York City
Preventing monkeypox involves several strategies in New York City. Avoiding close, skin-to-skin contact with individuals who have a rash is a primary measure. Also avoid contact with any materials that may have been contaminated with the virus, such as bedding or clothing. Practicing good hand hygiene, including frequent washing with soap and water or using an alcohol-based hand sanitizer, can help reduce the risk of transmission.
Vaccination plays a significant role in preventing monkeypox. The JYNNEOS vaccine is available in NYC as a two-dose series, with doses given at least 28 days apart. Full protection typically develops two weeks after the second dose. The JYNNEOS vaccine is covered by public and private insurance, and individuals can access it regardless of immigration status, sexual orientation, or gender identity.
Eligibility for the JYNNEOS vaccine in NYC includes individuals exposed to monkeypox within the past 14 days. It is recommended for gay, bisexual, and other same-gender loving men, as well as transgender, gender non-binary, or gender-diverse persons, who in the last six months have had specific risk factors, such as multiple sexual partners, anonymous sexual contact, or sex at commercial venues or private parties. Anyone who considers themselves at risk for monkeypox, or those living with HIV or taking HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), are also encouraged to get vaccinated. New Yorkers can find vaccine locations through the NYC Vaccine Finder.
Testing, Treatment, and Resources in NYC
If you develop symptoms consistent with monkeypox, seek medical attention. The testing process involves a healthcare provider taking a swab of a suspected lesion. These specimens are then sent to a laboratory for processing, and testing is available through approved clinical laboratories, including the NYC Public Health Laboratory.
While waiting for test results, isolate yourself to prevent further spread. Most monkeypox cases resolve on their own within two to four weeks without specific medical treatment. For severe cases or individuals at high risk, such as those with compromised immune systems, the antiviral drug Tecovirimat (TPOXX) may be considered. This treatment is available through a CDC emergency protocol, and eligibility is based on disease severity and risk factors.
NYC health authorities emphasize remaining isolated until all skin lesions have scabbed over, the scabs have fallen off, and a fresh layer of intact skin has formed underneath. For current information, New Yorkers should refer to official New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH) websites or hotlines.