Microneedling is a cosmetic procedure that involves creating tiny punctures in the skin using fine needles. This article explores how microneedling can be a treatment option for melasma, a common skin condition characterized by patches of discoloration.
What is Melasma?
Melasma manifests as irregular patches of hyperpigmentation on the face. These patches are often brown or gray-brown in color, commonly found on the cheeks, forehead, chin, and upper lip. While more prevalent in women, men can also develop this condition.
Several factors influence melasma development. Hormonal fluctuations, such as those occurring during pregnancy, with oral contraceptive use, or hormone replacement therapy, are significant contributors. Sun exposure stimulates melanin production, intensifying existing patches. Genetic predisposition also increases an individual’s susceptibility to developing melasma.
How Microneedling Targets Melasma
Microneedling creates controlled micro-injuries in the skin’s uppermost layers using very fine needles. These microscopic channels prompt the body’s natural wound healing response. This process includes the release of growth factors and the stimulation of fibroblasts, which are cells responsible for producing collagen and elastin.
The controlled damage also helps disrupt the clusters of melanin pigment that cause melasma’s characteristic dark patches. As the skin heals, it remodels itself, and the new skin cells that form contain a more even distribution of melanin. This action directly addresses the irregular pigmentation associated with the condition.
The micro-channels created by microneedling also enhance the skin’s permeability, allowing topical depigmenting agents to penetrate more deeply and effectively. Ingredients like tranexamic acid, vitamin C, or hydroquinone can reach the melanocytes, the cells that produce melanin, with greater efficiency. This improved delivery amplifies the effects of these agents, contributing to a more significant reduction in hyperpigmentation.
Undergoing Microneedling for Melasma
Before a session, the skin is cleansed, and a topical numbing cream is applied to minimize discomfort. A specialized device, such as a derma-roller or an automated pen, is then used to glide over the treatment areas. The procedure typically lasts between 30 to 60 minutes, depending on the size of the area being treated.
Following treatment, temporary redness, similar to a sunburn, and mild swelling are common for one to three days. Protect the treated skin from direct sun exposure and use a broad-spectrum sunscreen consistently. Gentle skincare products, free of harsh chemicals or exfoliants, are recommended during healing.
A series of sessions is typically required to achieve noticeable improvement in melasma, with most treatment plans involving three to six sessions spaced four to six weeks apart. This allows the skin sufficient time to heal and regenerate between treatments. Microneedling can be a suitable option for individuals with melasma who have not responded well to topical treatments alone or who seek a non-ablative approach.