Melpomene spiders belong to the Melpomene genus, a type of funnel-web spider. This article provides essential information about their characteristics, habitats, web structures, and safety measures for the general public.
Characteristics of Melpomene Spiders
Melpomene spiders are funnel weavers, known for their distinctive web construction. They are relatively small, with body lengths typically ranging from 7 to 8.5 millimeters (0.28 to 0.33 inches). Many exhibit mottled brownish or grayish hues, often with longitudinal stripes.
Their eight legs are adapted for swift movement, particularly within their webs. Like other funnel weavers, Melpomene spiders possess two prominent hind spinnerets, which are silk-spinning organs on their abdomen. They typically have eight eyes in two rows, a distinguishing feature.
The venom of Melpomene spiders is primarily effective on their insect prey, quickly subduing them. While all spiders possess venom, the bites of Melpomene species are generally not considered medically significant to humans. Their fangs are often too small to effectively penetrate human skin, and bites typically result in mild, localized reactions.
Habitat and Web Structure
Melpomene spiders are found from the southwestern United States (southern Arizona and western Texas) down through Mexico and Central America to Panama. They construct distinctive funnel-shaped webs, which serve as both a hunting ground and a retreat. The web typically consists of a flat, sheet-like structure that narrows into a funnel-shaped tube at one end.
These webs are often built in concealed or sheltered locations. Common outdoor sites include tall grasses, dense ground cover, under rocks, beneath boards, and among debris. Indoors, their webs can be found in dark, secluded corners, such as basements or storage areas.
The funnel retreat provides a safe hiding spot for the spider, allowing it to ambush prey that ventures onto the web’s sheet. The spider waits inside the funnel, with its front legs extended to detect vibrations. When an insect lands, the Melpomene spider rapidly emerges, bites the prey, and drags it back into the retreat to consume it. The silk used in these webs may or may not be sticky, but their structure effectively ensnares prey.
Safety and Interaction Guidelines
To minimize encounters with Melpomene spiders, wear gloves when gardening or working outdoors. Shake out shoes or clothing stored in areas where spiders might reside, such as garages or sheds. Sealing cracks in foundations and around windows and doors can also help prevent spiders from entering homes.
If a Melpomene spider is encountered, avoid provoking it. These spiders are generally not aggressive and will flee rather than bite unless directly threatened. If removal is necessary and can be done safely, gently coax the spider into a cup or container and release it outdoors, away from the home.
Should a bite occur, which is rare and typically not medically concerning, clean the wound with soap and water. Applying a cold compress can help reduce any localized swelling or discomfort. While Melpomene venom is not considered medically significant to humans, seek medical attention if unusual symptoms develop or if there are concerns about an allergic reaction.