A mechanical burn is an injury caused by friction, where contact with a surface generates heat and scrapes away layers of skin. Unlike thermal burns from heat sources or chemical burns from acids, a mechanical burn is the direct result of two surfaces moving against each other. This motion creates both a structural and thermal wound.
How Mechanical Burns Happen
These injuries often occur during accidents where skin slides across a rough surface. “Road rash” is a frequent example, affecting motorcycle, scooter, and bicycle riders who fall and slide on pavement. The high friction between skin and asphalt can remove multiple skin layers and embed dirt, gravel, and other debris deep into the wound, complicating the cleaning process.
Another common source is a treadmill, which can cause severe friction burns, particularly to the hands of children. The moving belt can trap a hand or limb, resulting in a deep injury. Other examples include carpet burns from sliding on a floor and rope burns from handling ropes without proper protection.
Treating a Mechanical Burn at Home
If the wound is bleeding, apply gentle, direct pressure with a clean cloth until it stops. Next, thoroughly clean the affected area. Run cool water over the burn for several minutes and gently wash it with mild soap to remove any loose dirt or debris. Avoid scrubbing harshly, as this can cause more damage.
After cleaning, gently pat the area dry with a clean towel. Apply a thin layer of an antibiotic ointment to keep the skin moist and create a barrier against bacteria. Do not use butter or ice, as these can worsen the injury.
Cover the burn with a sterile, non-stick dressing to protect it from friction and contamination. Change the dressing daily or anytime it becomes wet or dirty. For pain and swelling, over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen can be effective.
Signs Requiring Medical Attention
While many friction burns can be managed at home, seek medical attention if the burn covers a large part of the body, such as an entire limb or the back. Burns located on the face, hands, feet, or genitals also require a doctor’s evaluation.
A deep wound that exposes underlying tissues like fat or muscle requires a doctor’s care. If debris like gravel or glass is embedded in the skin and cannot be rinsed out, do not attempt to remove it at home. Medical professionals have the proper tools to remove foreign objects safely.
Pay close attention to signs of a developing infection, which require medical care. These signs include:
- Increased pain
- Spreading redness or swelling
- Pus or drainage from the wound
- A foul odor from the wound
- A fever
Finally, if the wound is deep or dirty, ensure your tetanus vaccination is up to date, as bacteria can enter the body through skin breaks.