The domestic or “fancy” rat, Rattus norvegicus domestica, has gained popularity as a companion animal. These animals are known for their intelligence and can form strong bonds with their human caretakers. They are clean, playful, and social creatures that differ from their wild ancestors. Male rats, often called bucks, have distinct physical and temperamental traits that set them apart from females.
Physical Characteristics of Male Rats
Male rats are physically distinct from females in their size and build. Bucks are larger and heavier, with a bulkier frame compared to the more slender physique of females, a difference that becomes more apparent at maturity. A primary identifying feature is the presence of prominent testicles, which can be visible as early as three to four weeks of age.
Another characteristic of male rats is their tendency to engage in scent marking. This behavior involves depositing small droplets of urine as they explore their environment to mark territory and communicate with other rats. While this is a natural instinct, it is a consideration for owners regarding the cleaning of their living space.
Temperament and Social Needs
The temperament of male rats is often described as calmer and more relaxed than that of females. They tend to be more content with sitting for longer periods and are often characterized as “cuddly.” This disposition can make them appealing to individuals looking for a more sedentary companion animal.
Rats are profoundly social animals and their well-being depends on interaction with their own kind. Housing a single rat is detrimental to its mental health, so they thrive in pairs or small groups. Male rats can live together harmoniously, especially if they are introduced at a young age or are littermates.
As male rats mature between 6 to 9 months of age, some may exhibit hormonal aggression. This is not a universal trait but can manifest as increased assertiveness or conflict with cage mates. This behavior is driven by testosterone and is a natural aspect of their development.
Health and Lifespan
The average lifespan of a domestic rat is between two to four years. This extended lifespan is due to protection from predators, consistent access to food, and available veterinary care. Male rats are predisposed to certain health conditions, including hind-leg degeneration (HLD), a progressive condition that affects mobility in older males.
Mammary tumors are a frequent health concern in rats, and while more common in females, males can also develop them. Another health issue specific to intact males is testicular cancer. Neutering is a veterinary procedure that removes the testicles, which eliminates the risk of testicular cancer and reduces the likelihood of hormone-driven tumors.
Neutering is also an effective way to manage the hormonal aggression that can develop in some bucks. By lowering testosterone levels, the procedure often reduces or eliminates fighting behavior, allowing males to live more peacefully with their companions. This intervention can improve the quality of life for the rats.