The Macha tree, scientifically known as Machaerium scleroxylon, is a notable species primarily found in South America, native to regions including Bolivia, Brazil, and parts of Central America. It is significant for its valuable timber, often recognized as Pau Ferro, Morado, or Bolivian Rosewood. Its distinct attributes contribute to its importance in both ecological settings and commercial applications.
Characteristics of the Macha Tree
The Macha tree (Machaerium scleroxylon) is a deciduous species growing between 15 to 25 meters (49 to 82 feet) tall. Its trunk often develops grooves and can reach a diameter of 50 to 90 centimeters (20 to 35 inches). The tree generally forms a compact, vase-shaped crown, giving it a distinctive silhouette.
Young trunks are characterized by spines, which serve as a deterrent. The leaves are delicate, contributing to the tree’s overall attractive appearance.
Macha Wood Properties and Uses
Macha wood, often referred to as Pau Ferro or Bolivian Rosewood, is valued for its properties and diverse applications. The heartwood ranges in color from reddish/orange to dark violet/brown, often with contrasting darker black streaks. The narrow sapwood is a pale yellow and distinct from the heartwood. This timber is heavy and hard, with a density ranging from 0.85 to 0.95 grams per cubic centimeter. Its Janka hardness is 1,960 lbf, indicating its resistance to indentation.
The wood possesses an interlocked grain, which contributes to its durability and strength. It resists moisture and pests, making it a durable material. Macha wood is employed in applications including decorative veneers, fine furniture, cabinetry, flooring, interior trim, and specialty items. Its hardness and stability make it suitable for musical instruments, turning projects, and knife handles.
Habitat and Ecological Role
The Macha tree (Machaerium scleroxylon) is indigenous to tropical South America, with its primary distribution encompassing Bolivia, Brazil, and Paraguay. This species thrives in semideciduous forests, demonstrating adaptability to various growth conditions. It can be found in dense primary forest formations as well as more open, secondary growth areas.
The tree exhibits a preference for clayey, fertile soils that provide good drainage. Its ecological significance extends to its role as a pioneer species, contributing to woodland restoration efforts. Its presence within these ecosystems suggests a contribution to local biodiversity. The tree’s ability to adapt to different forest settings highlights its resilience within its natural range.
Conservation and Sustainability
The conservation status of Machaerium scleroxylon is listed as “Least Concern” by the IUCN. Despite this, the tree faces pressures due to frequent wild harvesting driven by demand for its timber. While not protected under CITES regulations, sustainable harvesting practices are important to ensure the long-term viability of its populations.
Efforts to protect the species involve promoting responsible forestry and understanding its growth rate. Studies indicate that the Macha tree exhibits a slow growth rate, suggesting that long cutting cycles, potentially exceeding 40 years, are necessary for sustainable management. This slow growth emphasizes careful planning in timber extraction to prevent overharvesting and maintain healthy populations in its native habitats.