Lactobacillus salivarius is a type of probiotic, which are beneficial bacteria that live in the human body. As a member of the Lactobacillus genus, it is part of a group of microorganisms known for their presence in fermented foods and the digestive system. This rod-shaped, Gram-positive bacterium contributes to the body’s natural microbial communities.
Natural Habitation in the Body
Lactobacillus salivarius is a natural inhabitant of the human body, thriving in several locations. As its name implies, it is commonly found in the oral cavity, residing in saliva and on the surfaces of teeth within dental plaque. Its presence is part of the mouth’s native microbial ecosystem.
Beyond the mouth, L. salivarius populates the gastrointestinal tract from the small intestine to the colon. This indicates its ability to colonize the intestinal lining. The bacterium is also a constituent of the vaginal microbiota, demonstrating its widespread distribution across mucosal surfaces.
Health-Related Functions
The presence of Lactobacillus salivarius is associated with several functions concerning oral, digestive, and immune health. Its mechanisms of action are a subject of ongoing scientific investigation. These functions are linked to its ability to interact with and modulate its surrounding environment and other resident microbes.
Oral Health
In the oral cavity, L. salivarius contributes to microbial balance by producing antimicrobial compounds known as bacteriocins. These substances can inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria responsible for dental issues, such as Streptococcus mutans, which is linked to cavities. By limiting these pathogens, L. salivarius helps maintain a healthier oral environment.
This probiotic also helps to stabilize the pH in the mouth, creating an environment less conducive to the demineralization of tooth enamel that leads to cavities. Its activity can also reduce the colonization of harmful bacteria on mucous membranes, which supports the health of the gums.
Digestive Wellness
Within the gut, L. salivarius plays a part in maintaining a balanced intestinal microbiome. It is known for its resilience, growing well in the presence of gastric acid and bile salts, which allows it to colonize the gastrointestinal tract. This capability helps it compete with potentially harmful bacteria, supporting a healthier composition of gut flora.
Research has explored its role in modulating inflammatory responses within the gut. Studies on specific strains like L. salivarius UCC118 suggest it may help limit inflammation. This interaction with the gut lining can be beneficial for digestive comfort and has been investigated for its potential to alleviate symptoms of certain digestive conditions.
Immune System Interaction
Lactobacillus salivarius also interacts directly with the host’s immune system. It can modulate immune responses, helping the body’s defenses against certain pathogens. The production of bacteriocin ABP-118 by the UCC118 strain, for example, has been shown to inhibit pathogenic species like Listeria in laboratory models.
The bacterium can influence the production of immune-regulatory molecules. When exposed to human immune cells, L. salivarius UCC118 was found to promote the production of cytokines like IL-10 and TGF-β. These are involved in regulating immune activity and guiding the immune system’s response.
Sources and Supplementation
While many probiotics are found in fermented foods like yogurt and kefir, Lactobacillus salivarius is not a dominant strain in these products. Therefore, individuals looking to increase their intake often turn to targeted dietary supplements for a more direct source.
When choosing a supplement, the label should state the full strain name, Lactobacillus salivarius, to ensure you are getting the correct probiotic. Some products may list it under its newer classification, Ligilactobacillus salivarius. The potency of the supplement is another factor to consider.
The concentration of live bacteria is measured in colony-forming units (CFUs), which indicates the quantity of viable bacteria. While specific dosage recommendations should come from a healthcare professional, commercial supplements contain a wide range of CFU counts. A professional can help determine an appropriate amount for individual needs.
Safety and Considerations
Lactobacillus salivarius is considered safe for consumption by the healthy adult population and is classified as “Generally Regarded as Safe” (GRAS). Most individuals can introduce this probiotic into their routine without adverse effects.
When first starting a supplement, some people may experience mild and temporary digestive changes, such as gas or bloating. These effects typically subside as the body adjusts to the new microorganisms.
Certain individuals should exercise caution. People who are severely immunocompromised, critically ill, or have certain underlying medical conditions should consult their doctor before taking L. salivarius. If you are pregnant or breastfeeding, speak with a healthcare practitioner before use.