Korinthia, a regional unit in Greece, is nestled in the northeastern Peloponnese peninsula. Its strategic position, bordering the Saronic Gulf to the east and the Gulf of Corinth to the north, has historically shaped its development and continues to influence its character. The region is known for its historical significance and natural landscapes, attracting visitors from around the world.
Historical Overview
Korinthia has a long history, with habitation dating back to 6500 BC (Neolithic period). Ancient Corinth, a powerful city-state, became a significant commercial center by the early 8th century BC, controlling the Isthmus of Corinth and facilitating trade between the Aegean and Ionian seas. Fertile lands supported agriculture, with olive oil and wine as key trade products.
Ancient Corinth was prominent in Greek mythology and history, hosting the Isthmian Games, one of the Panhellenic Games. Ruled by tyrants like Cypselus and Periander, Corinth later allied with Sparta. Destroyed by the Roman army in 146 BC, it was rebuilt as a Roman colony by Julius Caesar in 44 BC, flourishing as the administrative capital of Roman Achaea. The city remained important through the Byzantine and Ottoman periods, eventually joining modern Greece.
The Corinth Canal
The idea of a canal through the Isthmus of Corinth, the narrow land bridge connecting the Peloponnese to mainland Greece, dates back to antiquity. Early attempts included Periander’s 7th-century BC Diolkos, an overland portage road, and Nero’s 67 AD construction, abandoned after his death.
The modern vision for the canal gained traction in the 19th century, with construction commencing in 1882. Engineers faced substantial geological and climatic challenges excavating through 79 meters of limestone. The 11-year project opened on July 25, 1893, transforming the Peloponnese into an island. This narrow waterway, 6.4 kilometers long and 24.6 meters wide at sea level, allows passage for smaller vessels, connecting the Gulf of Corinth and the Saronic Gulf. While not economically vital for large modern shipping, the canal remains a significant engineering marvel and a striking visual landmark.
Major Sites and Natural Beauty
Korinthia offers a variety of significant sites and natural landscapes for visitors. The archaeological site of Ancient Corinth showcases its past grandeur, including the imposing Temple of Apollo, one of Greece’s oldest stone temples. Visitors can also see the Roman Agora, the Fountain of Peirene, and the Archaeological Museum, housing artifacts like black-figure pottery and sculptures. Acrocorinth, a monolithic rock crowned by a formidable fortress, overlooks the ancient city. Its nearly 2-kilometer defensive walls incorporate the natural rock face, offering panoramic views.
Nemea is another archaeological site, known for its Temple of Zeus and the ancient stadium of the Nemean Games. Its picturesque setting includes olive groves and vineyards, reflecting the region’s agricultural heritage. Beyond historical ruins, Korinthia’s natural beauty is evident in its diverse landscapes. The region features a coastline with beaches along both the Gulf of Corinth and the Saronic Gulf. Mountainous areas host lakes like Lake Stymphalia, a significant wetland and Natura 2000 site known for its rich birdlife and fir forests. Lake Vouliagmeni, a saltwater lake near Loutraki, is surrounded by mountains and features sandy beaches with clear, turquoise waters.
Contemporary Life and Culture
The modern city of Corinth (Korinthos) is the regional capital, serving as a commercial and administrative hub, providing a contrast to the historical sites. Its fertile lands support a vibrant agricultural sector, producing local goods.
Local cuisine in Korinthia emphasizes fresh, regional ingredients. Popular products include olives and olive oil from the Manaki variety, grapes, and the famed Corinthian raisin, historically a major economic driver for the area. Mountainous areas yield specialties like mountain potatoes, wild greens, and cheeses, including barrel-aged feta. The region also produces diverse fruits:
Oranges
Lemons
Apricots
Chestnuts
These are used in traditional sweets and preserves. Local markets offer fresh produce directly from farmers, and traditional tavernas feature dishes like lamb fricassee and savory pies.