Finasteride is a medication used to address male pattern hair loss, also known as androgenetic alopecia. Its purpose is to slow hair loss and encourage regrowth. This oral treatment works by influencing specific hormonal pathways.
How Finasteride Works
Finasteride targets an enzyme called 5-alpha reductase. This enzyme converts testosterone into dihydrotestosterone (DHT), a hormone linked to hair follicle miniaturization in individuals genetically predisposed to male pattern hair loss. By inhibiting 5-alpha reductase, finasteride reduces DHT in the scalp and bloodstream. This reduction helps mitigate DHT’s negative effects on hair follicles. Finasteride specifically inhibits the type II isoform of the 5-alpha reductase enzyme, largely responsible for DHT production in hair follicles.
Observable Changes
One initial indicator that finasteride is working is reduced hair shedding. Individuals may notice fewer hairs on their pillow, in the shower drain, or on their brush. This decrease suggests the medication is stabilizing the hair growth cycle.
Following reduced shedding, hair loss stabilization typically becomes apparent. The progression of a receding hairline or crown thinning may slow or halt entirely. The advancing hair loss pattern begins to plateau, indicating the treatment is effectively counteracting the underlying cause.
As treatment continues, new hair growth can emerge. These hairs might initially be fine and light, often called vellus hairs, but they can mature and become thicker over time. This regrowth often appears in areas previously affected by thinning, such as the crown or hairline.
Existing hairs can also become thicker, stronger, and healthier. This improvement contributes to increased hair density, making the scalp appear fuller. Hair follicles, no longer subjected to the same DHT level, can produce more robust strands.
Some individuals may experience an initial increase in hair shedding within the first few months, often called “finasteride shedding.” This temporary phase is normal, as older, weaker hairs shed to make way for new, healthier growth. This shedding usually subsides within a few weeks to a month.
Timeline for Results
While finasteride reduces DHT levels almost immediately, visible changes in hair density and growth take time. The hair growth cycle is slow, and follicles need time to respond and produce stronger hairs.
Initial signs of progress, such as reduced shedding and a slowing of hair loss, may become noticeable within three to six months of consistent daily use. At this stage, some individuals might also observe early improvements in the appearance of their hairline or crown. The medication is actively working to stabilize the hair follicles during this period.
More significant results, including visible hair regrowth and increased hair thickening, typically become apparent between six and twelve months of continuous treatment. Studies indicate many men experience measurable increases in hair count and density during this phase. Consistent daily adherence is important to achieve these outcomes.
Long-term use, beyond twelve months, often leads to continued improvement and maintenance of results. Full benefits may take a year or more to become evident, with some studies showing sustained efficacy over several years. Patience and ongoing commitment are fundamental for maximizing its long-term potential.
When Results Aren’t Apparent
If expected results are not observed, patience is important. It can take up to twelve months of consistent finasteride use to determine its full effect. Improvements may continue to manifest even after a year, with some seeing progress up to eighteen months.
Consistency in taking the medication as prescribed is essential. Missing doses can disrupt therapeutic drug levels, potentially hindering effectiveness. Daily adherence ensures a steady DHT reduction, allowing hair follicles the best chance to recover and grow.
If concerns persist or no noticeable progress occurs after a reasonable period, consult a healthcare professional. A doctor can assess treatment adherence, rule out other hair loss causes, or discuss alternative strategies. They might suggest combining finasteride with other treatments, such as topical minoxidil, or exploring other medication options.