Ivy (Hedera species) is a common vining plant, admired for its lush, evergreen foliage and ability to climb. Its unique root system is central to its growth and interaction with its surroundings. Understanding these roots is important for effective management.
Characteristics of Ivy Roots
Ivy develops two primary root types. Aerial roots, or climbing roots, emerge from stem nodes above ground. They are responsible for the plant’s ability to attach to and climb vertical surfaces.
Subterranean roots develop below the soil, forming a dense network that spreads horizontally and vertically. Their role is anchoring the plant and absorbing water and nutrients. These roots can reach depths of up to 60 centimeters, accessing moisture during dry periods.
How Ivy Roots Interact with Surfaces and Soil
Aerial roots possess tiny, hair-like structures that secrete a sticky, glue-like substance called mucilage. This mucilage forms an adhesive film that seeps into microscopic pores and cracks on surfaces such as brick, wood, or concrete. As water evaporates, this compound hardens, creating a strong bond. These roots do not typically penetrate solid masonry material.
In the soil, subterranean roots form a dense, fibrous network. This system spreads horizontally for stable anchorage. Vertical roots delve deeper, extracting water and nutrients. This dual-directional growth allows ivy to colonize and thrive even in challenging soil conditions.
Potential Problems and Benefits of Ivy Roots
While ivy adds aesthetic appeal, its root growth has practical implications. Aerial roots can infiltrate cracks in mortar and loose bricks, potentially widening fissures, especially in older structures. On wood, roots can enter boards, opening joints and trapping moisture, leading to rot and harboring wood-destroying insects. Dense ivy growth can also conceal underlying structural issues like dampness or pest infestations, making early detection difficult. The weight of mature ivy can strain weakened walls or structures, potentially dislodging masonry.
Despite these concerns, ivy roots offer several benefits. Their dense subterranean network provides effective erosion control by binding soil particles and reducing surface erosion on slopes. As a ground cover, ivy suppresses weeds and offers habitat and food sources, like berries, for wildlife. The foliage also provides insulation for buildings, moderating wall temperatures and protecting surfaces from harsh weather.
Managing Ivy Root Growth
Effective management involves removal and preventative measures. To remove ivy climbing on surfaces, cut main stems at the base, 30 to 60 centimeters above ground. Allow severed vines to dry for several months; this weakens aerial roots. Once dead, gently peel or scrape off remnants using a putty knife, stiff brush, or wire brush. Avoid forcefully pulling live ivy, as it can damage the surface.
For subterranean roots, digging out the stump and as many large roots as possible is most effective. If complete removal isn’t feasible, consistently cutting new growth to ground level will weaken the plant. Herbicides with glyphosate can be applied to new leaves in spring, or painted onto cut root ends for better absorption; use caution near other plants.
For ongoing control, regularly trim ivy away from gutters, windows, and vulnerable wall finishes. Anti-graffiti paint or copper/zinc mesh on walls can deter aerial root attachment. A thick layer of mulch or a weed-suppressant membrane also controls ground-level spread by blocking sunlight.