Knee pain when bending is common, ranging from a dull ache to a sharp sensation, often interfering with daily activities. Understanding its causes is important for seeking appropriate care. This article provides general information on common reasons for knee pain when bending and outlines management steps, but it is not a substitute for professional medical advice.
Common Reasons for Knee Pain When Bending
Knee pain when bending can stem from various issues. Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS), or “runner’s knee,” causes discomfort around or behind the kneecap. This condition often arises from the kneecap not tracking smoothly, leading to irritation and pain that worsens with activities like squatting or prolonged sitting with bent knees.
Meniscus tears affect the C-shaped cartilage cushions between the thigh and shin bones. They often occur due to twisting motions, especially during sports, causing pain, stiffness, swelling, or a feeling of the knee catching or locking. Pain may be sharp and localized, particularly when twisting or squatting.
Tendinitis, or tendon inflammation, can cause pain during knee bending. Patellar tendinitis (“jumper’s knee”) affects the tendon connecting the kneecap to the shin bone, causing pain and tenderness below the kneecap, especially during jumping or squatting. Quadriceps tendinitis causes pain above or in front of the knee due to quadriceps tendon inflammation.
Osteoarthritis, a “wear and tear” arthritis, involves gradual cartilage breakdown in the knee joint. It develops over time, causing pain, stiffness, and swelling that becomes more noticeable during or after movement, including bending the knee. Bursitis, inflammation of fluid-filled sacs (bursae) cushioning the knee, can lead to pain, swelling, and warmth, often worsening with kneeling or bending.
When to Consult a Healthcare Professional
While some knee pain may resolve with self-care, certain symptoms indicate a need for professional medical evaluation. Seek medical attention if your knee pain is severe, persistent, or significantly impacts your daily function or ability to exercise. This includes pain that does not improve after a few days of at-home remedies.
Red flags warranting a doctor’s visit include inability to bear weight on the affected knee or a feeling that your knee is unstable or “giving out.” Marked knee swelling, especially if sudden, or visible deformity of the leg or knee, are concerning signs. If you experience a “popping” sound at the time of injury, or if your knee locks or cannot be fully extended or flexed, consult a healthcare provider. Fever with redness, pain, and swelling in the knee could signal an infection, requiring immediate medical attention.
Initial Steps for Relief
For immediate, at-home relief from knee pain when bending, several measures can be taken, often summarized by the R.I.C.E. acronym: Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation. Resting the knee by avoiding activities that cause pain allows the injured area to begin healing and prevents further damage. This might involve taking a break from physical activity or using crutches to reduce weight-bearing.
Applying ice to the affected area helps reduce pain and inflammation by constricting blood vessels and minimizing fluid buildup. Ice packs or cold compresses should be applied for 15 to 20 minutes at a time, several times a day, wrapped in a thin towel to protect the skin. Compression, using an elastic bandage, can help limit swelling and provide support; it should be snug but not so tight as to cause numbness or increased pain. Elevating the injured knee above heart level helps gravity reduce swelling. Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or naproxen, can also help manage pain and reduce inflammation.
What to Expect from a Medical Evaluation
When you consult a healthcare professional for knee pain, the evaluation begins with a detailed discussion of your symptoms and medical history. The doctor will inquire about the nature, intensity, and duration of your pain, and any activities that worsen or alleviate it. A physical examination of your knee is then performed, where the doctor will inspect for swelling, tenderness, warmth, and visible bruising, and assess your knee’s range of motion. They may also perform specific tests by moving your leg to evaluate the stability of the knee structures.
To aid in diagnosis, imaging tests may be ordered. An X-ray can help detect bone fractures or signs of degenerative joint disease. For detailed images of soft tissues like ligaments, tendons, and cartilage, a Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scan may be recommended. A Computerized Tomography (CT) scan or ultrasound might also be used. If an infection or inflammatory condition is suspected, laboratory tests, including blood tests or a joint aspiration (fluid removed from the knee for analysis), may be performed. Based on the diagnosis, treatment may include physical therapy, medication, or surgical options.