Experiencing some discomfort after a tooth extraction, even into the first week, is normal. Understanding the difference between expected sensations and signs of a problem can help manage concerns. Knowing what to anticipate during recovery allows for better self-care and timely professional consultation.
Expected Discomfort and Healing Timeline
After a tooth extraction, some discomfort is normal, typically manifesting as a dull ache or mild throbbing at the extraction site. Pain usually peaks around day three and should gradually improve over the following days. By one week post-extraction, pain should be noticeably decreasing and manageable with over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen.
In addition to pain, other normal sensations include mild swelling around the cheek or jaw, which should also be subsiding by the one-week mark. The initial healing involves the formation of a blood clot in the empty socket, which protects the underlying bone and nerves. Over the course of about a week to ten days, granulation tissue begins to form, covering and protecting the extraction site as new bone eventually fills the space.
Signs of Potential Complications
While some post-extraction pain is normal, certain symptoms indicate that healing might not be progressing as expected. These warning signs include severe or worsening pain that does not respond to medication, or pain that radiates to areas like the ear, eye, temple, or neck. An unpleasant odor or taste, or persistent bad breath, can also indicate an issue.
Other concerning symptoms include excessive bleeding beyond 24 hours, heavy bleeding, or any pus or yellow/white discharge from the site. Swelling that increases after 48 to 72 hours, or does not improve, along with fever or chills, warrants immediate attention. Difficulty opening the mouth fully or persistent numbness that does not subside also require professional evaluation.
Common Post-Extraction Complications
One of the more frequent complications is dry socket, also known as alveolar osteitis, which occurs when the blood clot that forms in the extraction site dislodges or dissolves prematurely. This exposes the underlying bone and nerve endings, leading to intense throbbing pain that often radiates from the socket to the ear, eye, or along the side of the face. Dry socket pain typically begins one to three days after the extraction, but can extend to a week, and is usually not relieved by common pain relievers.
Another complication is an infection, which can arise if bacteria enter the open wound. Symptoms of an infection include increased swelling, persistent pain, pus or discharge from the site, and sometimes fever. While less common, nerve damage can occur, particularly with wisdom tooth extractions, potentially causing lingering numbness or altered sensation in areas like the lips, tongue, or chin. Additionally, small bone fragments may remain in the socket after an extraction, which can cause irritation and continued pain, sometimes requiring removal by a dentist.
When to Seek Professional Dental Care
If any signs of potential complications manifest, contact your dentist. For symptoms like uncontrolled bleeding, severe worsening pain, or a high fever, immediate dental attention may be necessary. A dental professional can accurately diagnose your symptoms and provide appropriate treatment. Following post-operative instructions promotes proper healing and minimizes complications.