The Everglades, a vast wetland ecosystem in South Florida, draws visitors with its unique natural beauty and diverse wildlife. This expansive wilderness offers opportunities for outdoor exploration and wildlife viewing. While its allure is undeniable, the Everglades is an untamed environment that presents specific challenges and potential dangers. Understanding these inherent risks and preparing appropriately is important for a safe and enjoyable experience.
Encounters with Dangerous Wildlife
The Everglades is home to various wild animals, some of which can pose a threat to human safety. Alligators and American crocodiles are prominent residents, and interactions with these large reptiles require caution. Alligators are common in freshwater, while American crocodiles are primarily found in brackish or saltwater areas. Both species are most active from dusk to dawn, making these times hazardous for human activity near water.
Maintain a safe distance of at least 15 to 20 feet from alligators and crocodiles. Feeding or harassing these animals is illegal and can cause them to associate humans with food, leading to aggressive behavior. Pets, especially dogs, should always be kept on a leash and away from the water’s edge. In the rare event of an alligator attack, fighting back by targeting the eyes, nose, or throat can encourage the animal to release its grip.
Several venomous snake species inhabit the Everglades, including the eastern diamondback rattlesnake, the cottonmouth (water moccasin), and the eastern coral snake. The eastern diamondback rattlesnake has distinct diamond-shaped patterns and often uses its rattle as a warning when threatened. Cottonmouths, found in wet environments, are dark-bodied pit vipers known for their defensive display of opening their mouth to reveal a white interior.
The eastern coral snake, recognized by its red, yellow, and black bands, possesses a potent venom. A common rhyme, “red on yellow, kill a fellow; red on black, friend of Jack,” helps distinguish it from non-venomous mimics where red and black bands touch. These snakes are often secretive and found under debris or in burrows. If encountering any snake, observe from a distance and never attempt to handle or provoke it.
Other large animals such as Florida panthers and black bears are present but are generally reclusive and rarely encountered. If a black bear is sighted, remain calm, avoid sudden movements, and speak in a calm, assertive voice to make your presence known. Slowly back away, making yourself appear as large as possible, and never run, as this can trigger a chase instinct.
Navigating Challenging Terrain and Weather
The Everglades’ expansive and often uniform landscape can make navigation difficult, increasing the risk of becoming disoriented or lost. The terrain consists of vast sawgrass prairies, cypress swamps, and dense mangrove forests, which can look similar for long distances. Relying solely on visual cues can be misleading, particularly when venturing off established paths.
Carry reliable navigation tools, such as a GPS unit with downloaded maps, or traditional maps and a compass. Inform someone of your travel plans and expected return time. Staying on marked trails and designated waterways helps prevent accidental excursions into unfamiliar and potentially dangerous areas.
The subtropical climate of the Everglades features intense heat and high humidity, particularly during summer. Temperatures frequently reach high levels, posing a risk of heat-related illnesses. Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water throughout the day, and wear lightweight, light-colored, loose-fitting clothing. Plan outdoor activities for cooler parts of the day, such as early mornings or late afternoons, to mitigate heat exposure.
Sudden and severe thunderstorms are common, especially in the afternoon, and lightning poses a significant threat. If thunder is heard, lightning is close enough to be a danger. Seek immediate shelter in a fully enclosed building or a hard-topped vehicle. Avoid open areas, tall objects, and water during storms.
Water hazards are present, especially for those engaging in boating or paddling. Waterways can contain deep channels, strong currents, and submerged obstacles. Be aware of water conditions, wear appropriate personal flotation devices, and ensure proper equipment for any water-based activity.
Mitigating Health and Insect-Related Risks
The Everglades’ environment supports a large population of insects, notably mosquitoes and no-see-ums, which can be a significant nuisance. These biting insects are most active during dawn and dusk. Use insect repellents containing DEET or Picaridin and wear long-sleeved shirts and pants for effective protection.
Water quality can pose health risks in certain areas. Stagnant or slow-moving waters may contain pathogens. Do not drink untreated water directly from the Everglades. Avoid contact with visibly contaminated water to prevent skin irritation or illness.
Sun exposure is a concern due to the high UV index, which can reach extreme levels. The lack of extensive shade means prolonged exposure can lead to sunburn. Apply broad-spectrum sunscreen with a high SPF, wear wide-brimmed hats, sunglasses, and protective clothing to shield skin from harmful ultraviolet rays.
Maintaining adequate hydration is important, given the warm climate and potential for physical exertion. Dehydration can quickly set in. Carry a sufficient supply of fresh drinking water, especially for longer excursions. Regular sips of water throughout the day help maintain fluid balance.