Sodium percarbonate is a common ingredient in many household cleaning products, recognized for its powerful cleaning and brightening capabilities. This article provides a balanced understanding of its properties and potential hazards.
Understanding Sodium Percarbonate
Sodium percarbonate is a chemical compound formed by combining sodium carbonate (soda ash) and hydrogen peroxide. When dissolved in water, it breaks down into these components. The hydrogen peroxide then releases oxygen, acting as a powerful oxidizing agent to break down stains and organic matter. This oxygen-releasing property makes it an effective alternative to chlorine bleach in various cleaning applications.
Safety Profile and Potential Hazards
While effective, sodium percarbonate is not without its hazards, which depend on concentration, contact time, and exposure route. Ingesting products containing it can lead to symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and irritation or burns to the mouth, throat, and digestive tract. It is classified as harmful if swallowed.
Skin contact can cause irritation, redness, and a burning sensation, particularly with prolonged exposure or higher concentrations. Repeated contact might lead to dermatitis. Eye contact presents a significant risk, potentially causing severe irritation, pain, redness, and even serious or irreversible eye damage. The oxidative properties of the released hydrogen peroxide contribute to these corrosive effects.
Inhaling sodium percarbonate dust can irritate the respiratory tract, leading to coughing or shortness of breath. Repeated or prolonged inhalation may result in a sore throat or nosebleeds. The substance is also an oxidizer and can intensify fires when in contact with combustible materials.
Safe Handling and Storage Practices
Minimizing risks when using products containing sodium percarbonate involves adhering to specific precautions. Always wear protective gloves and eye protection, such as safety goggles, to prevent skin and eye contact. Ensure good ventilation in the work area to avoid inhaling dust.
Avoid mixing sodium percarbonate with other chemicals, especially acids or bleach, as this can lead to hazardous reactions. Store the product in its original, tightly sealed container in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated place. Keep it away from heat, direct sunlight, and combustible materials. Store it securely out of reach of children and pets to prevent accidental exposure.
What to Do in Case of Exposure
Immediate action is necessary if exposure to sodium percarbonate occurs. For skin contact, remove contaminated clothing and wash the affected area with plenty of soap and water. If eye contact happens, flush the eyes continuously with water for several minutes, removing contact lenses if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing and seek immediate medical attention, contacting a poison center or doctor without delay.
If ingested, do NOT induce vomiting. Rinse the mouth thoroughly and, if conscious, have them drink water. For inhalation, move the affected person to fresh air and keep them comfortable for breathing. In all cases of significant exposure or persistent symptoms, call a poison control center or seek prompt medical attention.