COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, presents with a wide array of symptoms that can vary significantly from person to person. While many associate the illness primarily with respiratory issues, the virus can affect various body systems. Understanding the full spectrum of potential symptoms is helpful for recognizing an infection.
Gastrointestinal Symptoms of COVID-19
Vomiting can be a symptom of COVID-19, often accompanied by other gastrointestinal (GI) disturbances. Nausea, diarrhea, and abdominal pain are also commonly reported GI symptoms. These digestive issues can appear with or without the more widely known respiratory symptoms.
The SARS-CoV-2 virus can affect the GI tract because its spike protein attaches to ACE2 receptors, which are abundant in cells lining the intestines. This binding can lead to inflammation and damage within the digestive system, resulting in symptoms like nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Early reports indicated GI involvement, including loss of appetite, occurred in about 32% of patients, sometimes even before respiratory symptoms emerged. More recent data suggest that nausea and vomiting may be present in up to two-thirds of individuals with COVID-19, while appetite loss can affect approximately 40% and diarrhea up to 50%.
Other Key COVID-19 Symptoms
Beyond the gastrointestinal tract, COVID-19 manifests through several other recognized symptoms. Respiratory symptoms frequently include a cough and shortness of breath. Systemic symptoms are also common, such as fever or chills, fatigue, muscle aches, and headaches.
A distinctive feature for many individuals is a new loss of taste or smell. Other less common symptoms can include a sore throat, nasal congestion, or a runny nose. While vomiting can occur as an isolated symptom, it frequently appears alongside other systemic or respiratory signs, contributing to the overall clinical picture of the illness.
When to Seek Medical Guidance
If you experience symptoms that could indicate COVID-19, including vomiting, seek medical guidance. Consider getting tested for COVID-19, especially if you have underlying health conditions or are at higher risk for severe illness. Staying home and avoiding contact with others is recommended if you have symptoms and a fever, or if you do not feel well enough for your usual activities.
Monitor your symptoms closely, particularly for severe signs that warrant immediate medical attention. These include trouble breathing, persistent pain or pressure in the chest, new confusion, or an inability to wake or stay awake. Skin, lips, or nail beds appearing pale, gray, or blue can also signal an emergency. Differentiating COVID-19 from common stomach bugs can be challenging based on symptoms alone, but accompanying respiratory or systemic symptoms might suggest COVID-19.