Larkspur (Delphinium spp.), a visually appealing plant often found in gardens, is toxic and not safe for consumption. This important knowledge is for anyone who might encounter the plant, ensuring the safety of humans, pets, and livestock. Understanding the dangers associated with larkspur helps prevent accidental exposure and harm.
Why Larkspur is Not Edible
Larkspur contains poisonous compounds, primarily diterpenoid alkaloids. These alkaloids, such as methyllycaconitine (MLA), 14-deacetylnudicauline (DAN), and nudicauline, act as neuro-muscular blockers, interfering with nerve signal transmission to muscles. All parts of the larkspur plant are toxic, though the concentration of these substances can vary.
The highest concentrations of these toxic compounds are found in new growth and seeds, making these parts particularly dangerous. While toxicity may decrease as the plant matures, it can increase again in flowers and pods later on. Larkspur poses a risk to humans and animals, including dogs, cats, and especially cattle, leading to livestock losses.
Recognizing Larkspur Poisoning Symptoms
Ingestion of larkspur can lead to symptoms in humans and animals. Signs in humans include a burning sensation in the lips and throat, vomiting, diarrhea, and muscular weakness. Neurological effects such as dizziness, headaches, tingling, numbness, muscle spasms, and tremors also occur.
Symptoms in animals include muscle tremors, weakness, staggering gait, and recumbency. Gastrointestinal upset, such as abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea, is common. More severe cases can lead to bloat, labored breathing, abnormal heart rhythms, respiratory paralysis, and cardiac failure, which can be fatal. The severity of symptoms depends on the amount of plant ingested and the individual’s or animal’s size and sensitivity.
Emergency Steps for Larkspur Ingestion
Action is necessary if larkspur ingestion is suspected in a human or animal. For humans, contact a poison control center. For pets or livestock, contact a veterinarian or an animal poison control hotline immediately. Describe the situation accurately, including the suspected amount ingested and any observed symptoms.
Do not attempt to induce vomiting unless instructed by a medical or veterinary professional, as this can cause further harm. Collect a plant sample if possible, as this aids in accurate identification and guides treatment. Seeking professional medical attention promptly is essential for a successful outcome and to manage severe complications such as respiratory or cardiac issues.
Safe Handling and Identification
Given its toxicity, safe interaction with larkspur is important, especially in gardens. Wearing gloves is recommended to prevent skin irritation or allergic reactions from contact with the plant’s toxins. After handling, wash hands with soap and water to remove residual compounds.
Larkspur is identified by its tall, vertical growth (2 to 6 feet) and hollow stems. Its leaves are alternate and palmately divided, resembling an open hand. The flowers are found in dense spikes, featuring five petal-like sepals and a distinctive spur that gives them a dolphin-like appearance, with colors ranging from white, pink, blue, to purple. To prevent accidental ingestion, keep children and pets away from larkspur plants and dispose of any pruned parts securely.