A concussion is a mild traumatic brain injury caused by a jolt or blow to the head, which disrupts normal brain function. While often termed “mild,” its effects can be significant, impacting concentration, memory, balance, and mood. These temporary alterations in brain function are important to consider when planning activities like air travel.
Understanding Concussions and Air Travel
Flying after a concussion presents concerns due to the unique environment of an airplane cabin. Aircraft cabins are pressurized to an altitude typically between 5,000 and 8,000 feet, resulting in reduced atmospheric pressure and lower oxygen levels compared to the ground. For a brain compromised by injury, this reduced oxygen can be detrimental.
The lower oxygen levels and fluctuating barometric pressure can exacerbate existing concussion symptoms. A healing brain requires adequate oxygen, and a lack of oxygen due to reduced pressure can hinder the recovery process. This environment can also influence intracranial pressure, the pressure within the skull. Changes in this pressure can potentially worsen symptoms or lead to complications in a vulnerable brain. Oxygen desaturation can occur frequently during flights, even in healthy individuals, making it a particular concern for those with a recent brain injury.
Potential Risks of Flying After a Concussion
Flying too soon after a concussion can lead to a range of adverse effects and complications due to the cabin environment. One common risk is the exacerbation of existing concussion symptoms. Passengers may experience increased headaches, pressure in the head, dizziness, and nausea. Cognitive symptoms like fatigue, brain fog, and difficulty concentrating can also worsen in the stimulating airport and cabin environments. Sensory sensitivities, such as to light or sound, may also intensify.
Beyond symptom exacerbation, there is a risk of prolonged recovery time if an individual flies before their brain has adequately healed. While rare, more serious complications can arise, especially if there is an undiagnosed or severe brain injury like a brain bleed or skull fracture. Flying with such conditions could potentially lead to cerebral hypoxia or even a hemorrhagic stroke. The confined space, noise, and motion of an airplane can contribute to sensory overload.
When It Is Safe to Fly After a Concussion
The decision to fly after a concussion should always involve medical consultation and clearance from a healthcare professional. There is no universal timeline, as individual recovery varies significantly based on the injury’s severity and the patient’s progress. Many neurologists suggest waiting at least 7 to 14 days after a concussion, or even longer if symptoms continue. Airlines themselves often recommend waiting at least 10 days after an incident before flying.
A physician will assess symptoms, the injury’s severity, and overall recovery trajectory. They will also rule out more severe issues like a brain bleed or skull fracture through appropriate medical evaluations. Medical clearance ensures that the brain has had sufficient time to heal and that symptoms are stable or improving. While some studies suggest flying may not prolong overall recovery in athletes, symptoms can still temporarily worsen during flight. Therefore, medical guidance is essential to determine when it is safe to travel.
Tips for Flying After Concussion Clearance
Once medically cleared to fly, several practical steps can help minimize potential symptom flare-ups during air travel. Staying well-hydrated by drinking plenty of water throughout the flight is advised. Avoiding alcohol and excessive caffeine intake before and during the flight can also be beneficial, as these substances can affect hydration, sleep, and potentially exacerbate symptoms. Resting adequately before the journey and attempting to sleep during the flight can help conserve energy.
To manage sensory input, wearing noise-canceling headphones can help block out cabin noise, and sunglasses or an eye mask can reduce light sensitivity. Carry any necessary medications and have emergency contact information readily available. Planning for short, direct flights and limiting screen time can further reduce strain on the brain. Informing the airline about your condition may also be helpful for accommodations.