Flying with an ear infection can cause discomfort and health risks due to rapidly changing cabin pressure. Understanding how flight conditions impact the ears and what measures can be taken is important for informed travel decisions.
How Flight Affects Your Ears
Airplane ear, known as ear barotrauma, occurs when the air pressure in your middle ear does not match the air pressure outside your body. The middle ear is an air-filled space behind the eardrum, connected to the back of the nose and throat by a narrow passage called the Eustachian tube. This tube is responsible for equalizing air pressure and draining fluid from the middle ear. During takeoff, as the plane ascends, the external air pressure drops, causing the air inside your middle ear to expand and push outward on the eardrum. Conversely, during descent and landing, the external air pressure increases, and the air in your middle ear compresses, pulling the eardrum inward. Normally, the Eustachian tube opens, often with swallowing or yawning, to balance these pressure differences, causing the familiar “popping” sensation. However, an ear infection can cause inflammation and fluid buildup, narrowing or blocking the Eustachian tube and impairing its ability to equalize pressure effectively.
Risks of Flying with an Ear Infection
Flying with an ear infection significantly increases discomfort and the likelihood of complications. The inflammation and fluid accumulation from an infection can prevent the Eustachian tube from functioning properly, leading to severe ear pain that worsens during takeoff and landing. One concerning risk is eardrum rupture, also known as a perforated eardrum. The extreme pressure difference can stretch the eardrum to its breaking point, causing a tear. A ruptured eardrum typically heals on its own but can result in temporary hearing loss, ringing in the ear (tinnitus), or fluid drainage. Severe pressure changes can damage the inner ear, potentially leading to lasting hearing impairment. Some individuals may also experience vertigo or dizziness due to the imbalance in pressure affecting the inner ear’s balance mechanisms. An active infection also carries a risk of spreading or worsening due to trapped fluid and pressure changes.
When to Postpone Your Flight
Avoid flying with an ear infection, especially if symptoms are severe. Postpone your flight if you have an active middle ear infection (otitis media) or outer ear infection (otitis externa). These conditions can cause significant pain and make pressure equalization very challenging. Individuals who have recently undergone ear surgery, such as tympanoplasty, should wait before flying to allow for proper healing and prevent complications. The recommended waiting period can range from a few weeks to several months, depending on the specific procedure. Flying with an existing perforated eardrum is often considered safe, as the hole allows pressure to equalize more easily. However, consult a doctor, especially if the perforation is recent or if you have severe pain, discharge, or fever. Delay travel until symptoms resolve.
Tips for Traveling with an Ear Infection
If flying cannot be avoided, several strategies can help minimize discomfort and potential risks:
- Consult a doctor for personalized advice or medication. They might recommend oral decongestants or nasal sprays to reduce inflammation and open the Eustachian tubes. Note that decongestants may not be suitable for everyone.
- Employ pressure equalization techniques during takeoff and landing. Swallowing, yawning, or chewing gum can help activate the Eustachian tubes.
- Perform the Valsalva maneuver (gently blowing air out through your nose while pinching nostrils and keeping your mouth closed) to equalize pressure for adults.
- Use specialized pressure-regulating earplugs, like EarPlanes, which slow down air pressure changes.
- Stay well-hydrated throughout the flight to maintain mucus thinness, aiding Eustachian tube function.
- For children, especially infants, encourage swallowing by nursing, bottle-feeding, or using a pacifier during takeoff and landing.
- Both adults and children should remain awake during ascent and descent to actively manage ear pressure.