Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a naturally occurring hormone relevant to reproductive health, particularly for individuals facing fertility challenges. Understanding its nature and potential applications requires careful consideration due to its hormonal influence.
Understanding DHEA
DHEA is a steroid hormone produced primarily by the adrenal glands, with smaller amounts from the gonads (ovaries and testes) and the brain. It functions as a precursor, converting into other hormones like androgens (e.g., testosterone) and estrogens. DHEA is the most abundant circulating steroid in humans.
DHEA levels fluctuate throughout life, peaking in early adulthood (20-30 years). Levels then gradually decline with age, falling to 10-20% of peak values by age 70. This age-related decrease can impact hormonal balance and reproductive aging.
DHEA’s Role in Fertility Support
DHEA supplementation is explored in fertility treatments, particularly for women with specific challenges. It is often considered for diminished ovarian reserve (DOR), a condition with lower egg quantity and quality. It is also investigated for “poor responders” in In Vitro Fertilization (IVF), who respond poorly to IVF stimulation.
DHEA’s fertility benefits involve its conversion to androgens, then estrogens, within the ovaries. This may improve the ovarian environment, enhancing egg development and quality. Androgens also play a role in follicular recruitment, development, and cell signaling.
Research suggests DHEA supplementation may increase retrieved oocytes and improve embryo quality in IVF patients. It may also be associated with higher clinical pregnancy rates and lower miscarriage rates for those with diminished ovarian reserve. DHEA use for fertility typically begins weeks or months pre-treatment for effects to develop.
Considering DHEA Supplementation
Individuals contemplating DHEA supplementation for fertility should consult a medical professional. It is not a universal solution, typically considered for specific scenarios like diminished ovarian reserve or poor ovarian response. A doctor assesses hormonal profile and history to determine appropriateness and dosage.
DHEA can cause side effects. Common effects include oily skin, acne, and increased hair growth. Other effects include changes in voice or menstrual cycles. Effects are often mild and temporary, but medical supervision is important.
Contraindications for DHEA include hormone-sensitive cancers (e.g., breast, ovarian). Individuals with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), liver problems, or specific mood disorders should use caution or avoid DHEA. Dosages vary widely, commonly 25-75 mg daily for months prior to treatment. Medical guidance is essential to monitor and adjust dosages.
Research and Safety Considerations
Evidence on DHEA’s fertility efficacy is varied; some studies show promise, but more robust research is needed. Many studies suggest improved ovarian function and pregnancy outcomes in women with diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) or poor ovarian response. However, larger, high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed for definitive conclusions.
DHEA is generally considered safe for short-term use under medical supervision. However, long-term data on its use for fertility and potential effects on offspring are limited. The supplement can interact with various medications, including antipsychotics, antidepressants, and blood thinners, and affect cholesterol levels.
DHEA is not recommended during established pregnancy. While fetal adrenal glands produce DHEA during pregnancy, external supplementation lacks sufficient safety data once pregnancy is confirmed. Medical professionals advise discontinuing DHEA upon positive pregnancy test due to unknown effects of elevated androgen levels on fetal development.