Buccal fat removal is a cosmetic procedure designed to reduce the fullness of the cheeks. It involves the surgical removal of specific fat pads within the mid-face. This article provides information about the safety, potential considerations, and recovery process of buccal fat removal.
Understanding Buccal Fat Removal
Buccal fat pads are naturally occurring encapsulated masses of fat located deep within the cheeks, positioned between the cheekbones and jawbones. These fat pads contribute to the overall shape and fullness of the lower face. Individuals often seek their removal to achieve a more sculpted facial appearance, emphasizing the cheekbones and creating a more defined, V-shaped contour.
The procedure involves making small incisions inside the mouth, near the back of the cheek. Through these internal incisions, the surgeon accesses the buccal fat pads. Gentle pressure is applied from the outside of the cheek to help expose the fat, which is then carefully cut and removed. The incisions are then closed with dissolvable sutures, eliminating visible external scars.
Key Safety Considerations
Buccal fat removal is considered safe when performed by a qualified professional; however, like any surgical procedure, it carries risks. One potential risk is bleeding, which can sometimes lead to a hematoma, a collection of blood that may require drainage. Some individuals may have an increased risk of bleeding, particularly those with a large amount of fat removed, males, or those with high blood pressure.
Infection at the incision site is another possibility, though it is rare and can often be managed with antibiotics. Injury to facial nerves is a concern, potentially causing temporary or permanent numbness, sensation changes, or facial muscle weakness. Damage to salivary glands or ducts, which can result in altered taste or swelling, is also a rare occurrence.
Facial asymmetry can occur if the fat removal is not precisely balanced between the two sides of the face. Removing too much buccal fat can lead to a hollow or gaunt appearance, which may become more noticeable as a person ages and naturally loses facial volume. Additionally, risks associated with anesthesia, whether local or general, are present with any surgical intervention. A review of studies indicated that approximately one in four patients experienced complication, with common issues including swelling, difficulty opening the mouth, and pain.
Post-Procedure Care and Outcomes
Following buccal fat removal, patients experience swelling, bruising, and discomfort. Initial healing takes one to two weeks, allowing most individuals to resume daily routines. Swelling peaks around the third day after surgery and then gradually subsides over several weeks to months. The final results, including a more defined facial contour, become apparent after three to six months as all residual swelling resolves and tissues settle.
Post-operative instructions are important for promoting a smooth recovery. Maintaining good oral hygiene is advised, often involving rinsing the mouth with a prescribed mouthwash after meals and gentle brushing to keep the incision sites clean. A soft food diet is recommended during the initial days to avoid irritating the internal incisions. Elevating the head, even during sleep, can help reduce swelling. Patients are advised to avoid strenuous physical activity, smoking, alcohol, and using straws, as these can impede healing or increase the risk of complications.
Patients should contact their healthcare provider immediately if they experience excessive bleeding, signs of infection such as fever, redness, or pus, severe and persistent pain, significant asymmetry, or abnormal taste, which could indicate salivary gland damage. Adhering to these aftercare guidelines supports proper healing and contributes to a successful outcome.
Selecting a Qualified Surgeon
Choosing a qualified and experienced surgeon is important for the safety and success of buccal fat removal. A board-certified plastic surgeon or facial plastic surgeon with specific expertise in this procedure is recommended. Board certification signifies that a surgeon has met rigorous standards, including extensive surgical training, successful completion of comprehensive oral and written examinations, and a commitment to continuing medical education.
A skilled surgeon understands facial anatomy, which is important for minimizing potential risks like nerve or salivary duct injury. They can provide a personalized treatment plan tailored to an individual’s unique facial structure and aesthetic goals. Reviewing a surgeon’s credentials, experience, and patient testimonials offers insight into their capabilities. Selecting a surgeon who prioritizes clear communication and patient education ensures informed decisions and realistic expectations for the procedure and its results.