The Northern Ringneck Snake, Diadophis punctatus edwardsii, is a common and distinctive reptile found across eastern North America. This small snake is easily recognized by the bright band of color around its neck. Its secretive nature means it is not often seen, preferring to remain hidden in its habitat.
Is the Northern Ringneck Snake Poisonous?
The Northern Ringneck Snake is not considered dangerous to humans. While technically mildly venomous, possessing a weak venom in their saliva, this venom is primarily used to subdue small prey and poses no threat to humans.
These snakes are non-aggressive and rarely bite people. Even if a bite were to occur, the mild venom is not strong enough to cause significant harm to humans, typically resulting in only minor bleeding, swelling, or bruising. Their fangs are located at the rear of their mouths and are generally too small to effectively inject venom into a human. The primary defense mechanism of the Northern Ringneck Snake when threatened is to coil its tail, exposing its brightly colored underside, or to release a foul-smelling musk.
Identifying the Northern Ringneck Snake
Northern Ringneck Snakes are small, slender, typically measuring between 10 and 15 inches in length as adults, though some can reach up to 27 inches. Their body coloration is usually a uniform dull blue-gray, slate gray, or black.
Its most prominent feature is the distinct yellow, cream, or orange ring encircling its neck. This ring often matches the color of its underside, which is often a bright yellow or orange, sometimes with small black spots along the midline. The scales are smooth and have a polished appearance, distinguishing them from other snakes with keeled (ridged) scales.
Where They Live and What They Eat
Northern Ringneck Snakes inhabit a variety of environments across their range, which extends from Nova Scotia to northeastern Wisconsin and south through the Appalachian Mountains. They favor moist, wooded areas such as deciduous forests, woodlands, and rocky hillsides. These secretive snakes are often found hidden under rocks, logs, loose bark, leaf litter, and other debris for cover and warmth. They are occasionally found in gardens or basements.
Their diet primarily consists of small invertebrates and amphibians. They eat earthworms, slugs, and small salamanders. They also consume insects, small lizards, and occasionally other small snakes.
What to Do If You Encounter One
If you encounter a Northern Ringneck Snake, observe it from a distance. These snakes are harmless and generally reclusive, preferring to avoid human interaction. Do not attempt to handle the snake, as even non-venomous snakes can bite if they feel threatened.
Allow the snake to move away on its own. Northern Ringneck Snakes play a beneficial role in the ecosystem by controlling populations of small invertebrates. Removing potential hiding spots like brush piles and keeping grass short can discourage snakes from lingering in your yard.