Hippopotamuses, often called hippos, are large semi-aquatic mammals found in sub-Saharan Africa. Their imposing size and tendency to spend much of their day submerged in water can lead to a common perception of them as slow or sluggish. However, this appearance can be deceiving, leading many to wonder about their true capabilities for speed on land and in water.
The Surprising Speed of Hippos
Despite their bulky appearance, hippos are surprisingly fast on land. These powerful animals can reach speeds of up to 30 kilometers per hour (approximately 19 miles per hour) over short distances. This speed is remarkable for a creature weighing up to 1,500 kilograms (3,300 pounds) or more.
Hippos exhibit this burst of speed when they feel threatened or are defending their territory. While they cannot sustain such speeds for long periods, their initial acceleration allows them to outpace most humans in a short chase. This unexpected agility on land serves as a defense mechanism, allowing them to quickly reach water or confront threats.
Aquatic Agility
In contrast to their land speed, hippos move differently in water. Rather than swimming in a conventional sense, hippos propel themselves by pushing off the riverbed or walking along the bottom of waterways. Their dense bodies cause them to sink rather than float.
This movement involves a slow-motion gallop or bounding underwater. Their powerful legs push off the ground, allowing them to move with grace and speed through water, reaching speeds of about 8 km/h (5 mph). This ability allows them to stay submerged for extended periods, holding their breath for up to five minutes.
Anatomy and Adaptations for Speed
The physical structure of a hippo contributes to its mobility. Their powerful leg muscles are developed to support their immense body weight and provide force for short bursts of speed on land. While their legs appear short and stocky, they are robust and provide effective leverage for movement.
Hippos possess dense bones allowing them to sink and walk along the bottom of waterways. Their four-toed feet are slightly webbed, aiding traction on slippery riverbeds and propulsion. Their eyes, ears, and nostrils are positioned high on their heads, allowing them to remain mostly submerged while seeing, hearing, and breathing.