IMR-90 cells represent a well-characterized human cell line widely used in scientific research. These cells serve as a tool for understanding various biological processes and cellular mechanisms. Their consistent behavior makes them a reliable model system for numerous studies. Researchers rely on IMR-90 cells to investigate complex biological questions, contributing to advancements across different scientific disciplines.
Origin and Identity of IMR-90 Cells
IMR-90 cells are a human diploid fibroblast cell line. They were originally derived from the lung tissue of a 16-week-old female fetus in 1975. The term “diploid” indicates that these cells possess a complete set of 46 chromosomes, similar to most normal human body cells.
Fibroblasts are a type of cell found in connective tissue throughout the body, providing structural support and helping to connect other tissues and organs. They are responsible for producing collagen and other components that form the extracellular matrix, which is the scaffolding around cells. IMR-90 cells exhibit contact inhibition, meaning they stop dividing when they encounter neighboring cells.
Distinctive Features
IMR-90 cells have a finite lifespan, undergoing approximately 58 population doublings before entering a state of cellular senescence, which is similar to cellular aging. This makes them an appropriate model for studying the biological processes of aging.
The cells are also classified as myofibroblasts, a specialized type of fibroblast. Myofibroblasts exhibit contractile properties and express proteins typically found in smooth muscle cells, such as metavinculin, sm 22, and alpha-actin isoform. Their elongated, slender shape and the organized alignment of their actin-attachment sites contribute to their contractile abilities.
Research Applications of IMR-90 Cells
IMR-90 cells serve as a model system in several areas of scientific research. Their finite lifespan and progression to senescence make them a valuable tool for studying cellular aging. Researchers use these cells to explore the molecular mechanisms that underlie aging, including changes in gene expression, telomere length, and DNA damage response pathways. They also help investigate how environmental and genetic factors influence cellular aging.
These cells are also frequently employed in virology research, providing insights into viral susceptibility and replication. Their human origin makes them suitable for studying how different viruses interact with human cells. For instance, IMR-90 cells have been used to examine the effects of various adenovirus types on viral replication in arrested human cells.
Furthermore, IMR-90 cells are used as models for studying fibroproliferative diseases due to their myofibroblast characteristics. These diseases involve the excessive growth of fibrous connective tissue. Researchers can investigate the cellular mechanisms behind such conditions, exploring how these cells contribute to tissue remodeling and the development of fibrotic conditions, such as lung fibrosis.