The Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) is a strong, flat band of tissue located on the inner side of the knee joint. It connects the thigh bone (femur) to the shin bone (tibia). The primary function of the MCL is to provide stability to the knee by resisting valgus forces. MCL injuries are common, often resulting from a direct blow to the outside of the knee or an excessive outward twist while the foot is planted.
Walking After an MCL Injury
The ability to walk after an MCL tear varies with the severity of the injury. Less severe tears may allow walking with discomfort. More significant tears can cause pronounced pain, instability, or inability to bear weight. Symptoms like pain, swelling, tenderness, and a feeling of the knee “giving out” can all impact walking.
Grades of MCL Tears and Their Impact
MCL tears are classified into three grades. Grade I tears represent a mild injury where the MCL is stretched. There is some tenderness and mild pain, but the knee remains stable, allowing walking with slight discomfort. Recovery for these mild tears occurs within one to three weeks.
A Grade II MCL tear signifies a partial tear of the ligament. This level of injury results in noticeable pain, tenderness, and some instability in the knee. Walking can be difficult and may necessitate a limp or the use of assistive devices like crutches due to compromised stability. Recovery for a Grade II tear takes four to six weeks.
Grade III MCL tears are the most severe, involving a complete rupture of the ligament. This complete tear leads to significant instability of the knee joint and severe pain. Individuals with a Grade III tear are unable to bear weight or walk without considerable assistance, such as crutches or a hinged knee brace. While surgery is rarely needed for isolated MCL tears, recovery for a Grade III tear can extend to six weeks or more.
Next Steps After an MCL Injury
Anyone suspecting an MCL injury should seek medical evaluation promptly for diagnosis. A physical examination, where a healthcare provider assesses knee stability and tenderness, is the initial step. Imaging tests, such as an MRI, are used to confirm the diagnosis, determine the severity of the tear, and rule out other knee injuries. While X-rays do not show ligament damage, they can help identify any associated bone fractures.
Initial management of an MCL injury involves the RICE protocol: Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation. Resting the knee and limiting weight-bearing, possibly with crutches, helps protect the injured ligament. Applying ice and elevating the leg reduce swelling and pain, while compression with a bandage helps manage swelling. A knee brace may be recommended to provide stability and support during healing. Physical therapy is a common treatment approach to restore strength, range of motion, and stability to the knee, directly influencing when normal walking can resume.