Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD) is a common viral illness that primarily affects infants and young children, though it can also occur in older children and adults. This contagious condition is characterized by a fever, painful sores in the mouth, and a distinctive rash on the hands and feet. The illness is typically mild, with most individuals recovering within 7 to 10 days.
Understanding Recurrence
It is possible to contract Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease more than once. This happens because HFMD is not caused by a single virus, but by several different types of enteroviruses. The most common culprits are Coxsackievirus A16 and Enterovirus 71 (EV71), but various other strains of Coxsackievirus and other enteroviruses can also be responsible.
When a person gets infected with one type of these viruses, their body develops immunity specifically to that strain. However, this immunity does not protect against infection from other types of enteroviruses. For example, if someone recovers from an infection caused by Coxsackievirus A16, they can still get HFMD again if exposed to Enterovirus 71 or another Coxsackievirus strain.
Subsequent infections might present with similar symptoms to the initial illness, but could also manifest differently, or even be asymptomatic. The severity of symptoms in a repeat infection can depend on the specific viral strain involved and the individual’s immune response. For instance, while Coxsackievirus A16 often causes milder cases, EV71 can lead to more severe illness with potential complications.
Prevention Strategies
To reduce the risk of contracting HFMD again or spreading it to others, several steps can be taken. Frequent and thorough handwashing with soap and water for at least 20 seconds is a primary defense, especially after changing diapers, using the toilet, and before eating. Teaching children proper hand hygiene is also an important preventative measure.
Regularly cleaning and disinfecting frequently touched surfaces and shared items, such as toys and doorknobs, helps eliminate virus particles that can spread the disease. Avoiding close contact with infected individuals is also advised, including refraining from hugging, kissing, or sharing eating utensils and drinks. It is also important for individuals sick with HFMD to stay home from school or work to prevent further transmission of the virus.