Tongue piercings are a popular form of self-expression, but like any body modification, they carry the risk of complications, particularly infection. The moist, bacteria-rich environment of the mouth makes tongue piercings especially susceptible to infection. This guide explains how to identify, treat, and prevent these infections.
Identifying an Infected Tongue Piercing
Distinguishing between normal healing and an infection is the first step. During the initial healing period, which can last several weeks, some redness, minor swelling, slight throbbing, mild warmth, and clear or white discharge are typical. If these symptoms persist or worsen, or if new, more concerning signs appear, the piercing may be infected.
Signs of infection include persistent or severe pain and tenderness, along with redness and swelling that extend beyond the immediate piercing site. A discharge of yellow or green pus, often accompanied by an unpleasant odor, is a strong indicator. Other symptoms can include increased throbbing, a bump forming at the piercing, difficulty swallowing, or a fever.
Initial Steps for Home Treatment
For mild tongue piercing infections, home care can help manage symptoms and promote healing. Regular cleaning with a saline solution is recommended. A sterile, premade saline solution is often the easiest and most effective option, but a homemade solution can be prepared by dissolving 1/8 to 1/4 teaspoon of non-iodized sea salt in one cup (8 ounces) of warm distilled or bottled water. A stronger solution is not better and can irritate the piercing.
The piercing should be cleaned two to three times daily, and it is beneficial to rinse the mouth with saline solution after every meal. To clean, soak a clean cloth or sturdy paper towel with the saline solution and gently wipe around each side of the jewelry, avoiding scrubbing or prodding. Maintaining overall oral hygiene is also important; this includes brushing teeth twice daily with a soft-bristled toothbrush and using an alcohol-free mouthwash to help reduce bacteria without irritating the piercing.
It is important to avoid irritating the piercing. Refrain from playing with or removing the jewelry, as this can introduce new bacteria, increase swelling, and potentially trap the infection. Certain foods and substances should also be avoided, including alcohol, smoking, spicy foods, acidic foods like citrus, and hard or crunchy items, which can all worsen irritation and delay healing. Soft, bland foods are preferable, and cold compresses or sucking on ice chips can help reduce pain and swelling. Drinking plenty of fluids, especially water, also supports the healing process.
Knowing When to See a Doctor
While home care can address minor infections, certain signs indicate that professional medical attention is necessary. If home treatment does not lead to improvement within a few days, typically 2 to 3 days, it is important to consult a doctor or piercer. Persistent or worsening pain and swelling, especially if the swelling is severe enough to impede breathing or swallowing, are serious red flags. Difficulty breathing should prompt immediate medical attention.
Other concerning symptoms that warrant a doctor’s visit include a high fever, chills, or red streaks extending from the piercing site. The formation of a large abscess, or if the infection continues to spread despite diligent home care, also requires professional intervention. Untreated tongue piercing infections can lead to severe complications, such as the infection entering the bloodstream and causing issues like heart problems or brain abscesses. A medical professional may prescribe oral antibiotics or perform a procedure to drain the infection if needed.
Tips for Preventing Future Infections
After a tongue piercing has healed or once an infection has resolved, ongoing preventive measures are important to maintain oral health and avoid future complications. Consistent diligent aftercare is important. This involves continuing to rinse the mouth with saline solution or an alcohol-free mouthwash, particularly after meals, to remove food particles and reduce bacteria.
Avoiding touching the piercing with unwashed hands is a simple yet effective way to prevent introducing bacteria. Selecting jewelry made from implant-grade metals can also reduce the risk of irritation and infection. Additionally, refraining from oral contact, such as kissing or sharing drinks, especially during the initial healing phase, minimizes the transfer of bacteria. Maintaining good general oral hygiene, including regular brushing and flossing, contributes significantly to a healthy oral environment and can help prevent new infections.