A hornet sting causes localized discomfort, including immediate pain, a raised reddish area, warmth, and itching. Hornets inject venom through their stinger, triggering these common reactions. Most people can effectively manage these symptoms with home care.
Immediate Home Care
Upon being stung by a hornet, move away from the area to prevent additional stings, as hornets can sting multiple times. Hornets do not typically leave their stinger embedded in the skin; however, if a stinger is visible, remove it promptly. Gently scrape it away using a blunt-edged object, such as a credit card or your fingernail, rather than squeezing or pulling it, which could release more venom.
After ensuring no stinger remains, thoroughly wash the sting site with soap and water. Applying a cold compress or an ice pack wrapped in a cloth to the affected area can help reduce both pain and swelling. Apply the cold pack for about 10 to 20 minutes at a time, repeating as needed. Elevating the stung limb, if possible, can also assist in minimizing swelling.
To manage pain, over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen can be taken as directed. For itching and localized swelling, consider applying topical creams like hydrocortisone, calamine lotion, or an antihistamine cream to the site. Oral antihistamines, available without a prescription, can also help alleviate widespread itching.
When to Seek Medical Help
While most hornet stings result in mild local reactions, certain symptoms indicate the need for professional medical attention. A severe allergic reaction, known as anaphylaxis, can occur rapidly and is a life-threatening condition. Signs of anaphylaxis include difficulty breathing, swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat, dizziness, or a rapid pulse. Hives or a rash that spreads beyond the sting site, nausea, vomiting, or confusion also signal a severe reaction.
If any of these severe symptoms appear, or if the individual has a known allergy to insect stings, immediately call emergency services. For individuals with a prescribed epinephrine auto-injector, administer it without delay, as per instructions. Even if symptoms improve after using an auto-injector, prompt medical evaluation in an emergency room is still necessary.
Beyond severe allergic reactions, medical consultation is advised for other situations. Seek care if the sting occurred in a sensitive area like the mouth or eye, which can lead to significant swelling that may affect breathing or vision. Additionally, if there are signs of infection at the sting site, such as increasing redness, warmth, pus, or worsening pain days after the sting, a doctor should be seen. Multiple stings, especially in children or individuals with underlying health conditions, may also warrant medical assessment.
Ongoing Care and Recovery
Following a hornet sting, observe the affected area. Most localized pain, swelling, and redness subside within a few hours to a few days. However, some swelling can persist for up to a week. Keep the sting site clean with soap and water to prevent secondary bacterial infections.
Avoid scratching the sting, even if it remains itchy, as this can break the skin and introduce bacteria, increasing the risk of infection. Continued application of cold compresses and topical creams, as needed, can help manage lingering discomfort. If symptoms like pain or itching persist or worsen beyond the expected duration, or if new concerns arise, consulting a healthcare provider can provide further guidance and treatment options.