Rabies is a severe viral disease that affects the central nervous system of mammals, including humans. While serious, rabies infection in rabbits is uncommon. This article guides you on identifying potential signs of rabies in rabbits and outlines steps to take if you suspect an infection.
Recognizing Rabies Symptoms in Rabbits
Rabbits with rabies may exhibit a range of symptoms, though these signs can also be caused by other illnesses or injuries. Early indicators include lethargy, weakness, fever, and a lack of appetite. Some rabbits might also show eye or nasal discharge.
As the disease progresses, neurological signs become more apparent. These can manifest as head tremors, teeth grinding, or uncoordinated movements, particularly in the hind limbs. Affected rabbits might display unusual aggression or, conversely, an abnormal fearlessness towards humans. Other neurological symptoms include a slack jaw, difficulty swallowing, or excessive drooling. In later stages, paralysis and seizures may occur, with death typically following within a few days of symptom onset.
Understanding Rabies Risk in Rabbits
Rabies in rabbits is rare; the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) notes very few documented cases. They are low-risk carriers compared to other wildlife like raccoons, skunks, bats, and foxes. This low incidence is partly due to rabbits being prey animals. If a rabid predator attacks a rabbit, the rabbit often does not survive the encounter long enough for the virus to develop and become transmissible.
Rabbits do not transmit rabies to humans; there are no recorded cases in the United States. Furthermore, rabbits are not inherently aggressive animals and are unlikely to bite unless provoked, which further limits potential transmission.
Immediate Actions and Next Steps
If you encounter a rabbit exhibiting signs of illness or unusual behavior, prioritize safety. Do not approach, handle, or attempt to capture the animal. Instead, maintain a safe distance and contact your local animal control agency or public health authorities immediately. These professionals are equipped to assess the situation and safely manage the animal.
In the event of a bite or scratch from a rabbit suspected of having rabies, wash the wound thoroughly with soap and water for at least 15 minutes. Apply an antiseptic to the wound. Seek immediate medical attention from a healthcare provider, even if the bite seems minor. Report the incident to local health officials, who can provide guidance on whether post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is necessary. This treatment involves a series of vaccinations and, in some cases, immune globulin, to prevent the development of rabies.