Taping can offer support for individuals experiencing discomfort associated with patellar tracking issues. This method provides external stability to the kneecap, or patella, aiming to guide its movement and alleviate symptoms.
Understanding Patellar Tracking
Patellar tracking refers to the movement of the kneecap within the trochlear groove, a shallow indentation at the end of the thigh bone. When the knee bends and straightens, the patella should glide smoothly within this groove. Proper tracking ensures efficient knee function and distribution of forces across the joint.
When the patella deviates from its normal path, often shifting towards the outside of the leg, it is known as patellar tracking disorder or patellar maltracking. This misalignment can lead to increased pressure on cartilage, resulting in pain, a grinding sensation, or instability. Factors contributing to this dysfunction include muscle weakness, imbalances in surrounding tendons and ligaments, structural abnormalities, or overuse. Symptoms can manifest as a dull ache, popping or catching sensations, and pain during activities like squatting or using stairs.
Selecting the Appropriate Tape
Two primary types of tape are commonly used for addressing patellar tracking: Kinesiology Therapeutic Tape (K-Tape) and rigid athletic tape, often associated with McConnell taping. Kinesiology tape is a stretchy, cotton-based material designed to mimic human skin. It provides flexible support, allows for a full range of motion, and can help reduce pain by gently lifting the skin to improve circulation and reduce pressure on pain receptors.
In contrast, rigid athletic tape is a stiff, non-elastic tape made from cotton fabric with a strong adhesive backing. This tape offers firm support and restricts movement, providing greater stabilization to joints and muscles. The McConnell taping technique specifically uses rigid tape to help realign the kneecap and reduce stress by physically guiding its position. While K-Tape supports movement, rigid tape acts more like an external brace to limit undesirable motion.
Step-by-Step Taping Techniques
For a McConnell-style rigid taping technique, which aims for medial glide correction, sit with your leg slightly bent and extended. Place two pieces of adhesive gauze or protective under-wrap over your kneecap to prevent skin irritation. Next, apply a strip of 1.5-inch rigid athletic tape, starting from the middle of the kneecap. Gently pull the tape across the kneecap towards the inner side of your knee, simultaneously pushing the soft tissue on the inner knee towards the kneecap to encourage medial alignment. Secure the tape firmly on the inner side of the knee.
For Kinesiology tape application, you will need two equal-length strips of elastic tape. With the knee slightly bent, remove the paper backing from the middle of the first strip, stretching it about 50-75%, and apply it along the outside of the kneecap. For the second strip, follow the same process, applying it along the inside of the kneecap. A third strip can be applied underneath the kneecap, stretched to 80%, for additional support. After applying each strip, rub the tape gently to activate the adhesive and ensure it sticks securely.
Important Taping Considerations
Proper skin preparation is important before applying tape to minimize irritation and ensure adhesion. Clean the skin thoroughly with rubbing alcohol to remove any oils, sweat, or lotions. If the area is particularly hairy, trimming or shaving can help the tape adhere better and reduce discomfort during removal. Always check for existing skin irritation, cuts, or open wounds, as taping over these areas is not advisable.
The duration tape can be worn varies by type and individual skin sensitivity. Kinesiology tape can typically stay on for 3 to 5 days. Rigid tape, especially when used with an under-wrap, might be worn for a similar duration, though some sources suggest removing it after shorter periods like 6 hours if sweating occurs to prevent skin issues. If itching, redness, or discomfort develops, the tape should be removed immediately.
Removing tape carefully helps prevent skin damage. Slowly peel the tape back, pulling it parallel to the skin rather than away from it. Applying baby oil, lotion, or warm soapy water can help loosen the adhesive and make removal easier. Taping is a supportive measure, not a replacement for professional medical diagnosis or treatment. For persistent pain, severe conditions, or concerns about patellar tracking, consulting a healthcare professional like a physical therapist or doctor is recommended.