Human Chorionic Gonadotropin, or HCG, is a hormone naturally produced by the body. It primarily originates from trophoblast cells, which surround a growing embryo and eventually form the placenta during pregnancy. This hormone plays a significant role in maintaining early pregnancy by supporting the corpus luteum, which secretes progesterone. Synthetic forms of HCG are also manufactured for various medical applications.
HCG for Medical Treatment
HCG has established medical applications, particularly in reproductive health, administered under careful medical supervision. In women, HCG induces ovulation, mimicking LH to trigger the final maturation and release of an egg. It is common in fertility treatments like in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intrauterine insemination (IUI), with ovulation typically occurring around 36 hours after injection.
For men, HCG injections address hypogonadism, a condition of insufficient testosterone production. HCG stimulates Leydig cells in the testes to produce testosterone, which is also necessary for sperm development. This improves testosterone levels, maintains fertility, and prevents testicular atrophy, particularly in men undergoing testosterone replacement therapy. HCG is also used in young boys to treat undescended testicles (cryptorchidism).
HCG for medical purposes is almost exclusively administered by injection, either subcutaneously (under the skin) or intramuscularly (into a muscle). A healthcare professional prescribes and monitors these injections, providing specific instructions on dosage and timing.
HCG in Weight Management Programs
HCG is associated with weight management programs, often called the “HCG diet,” which combines daily HCG administration with a very low-calorie diet (VLCD). This diet protocol usually restricts caloric intake to approximately 500 to 800 calories per day. HCG in these programs can be administered through various methods, including injections, sublingual drops, pellets, or sprays.
Despite its popularity in some weight loss circles, the FDA has not approved HCG for weight loss purposes. Scientific evidence supporting HCG’s efficacy for weight loss beyond calorie restriction alone is lacking. Studies indicate that any weight loss observed on the HCG diet is primarily due to the extreme calorie restriction, rather than the hormone itself.
The very low-calorie diet of the HCG protocol carries potential health risks, such as gallstones, electrolyte imbalances, and irregular heartbeats. HCG products sold for weight loss are often unregulated and can be obtained through online sources or diet clinics without a prescription. These unregulated products may not contain the advertised amount of HCG or could contain other harmful substances, posing additional risks.
Important Considerations for HCG Use
Several important considerations apply to individuals taking HCG. Common side effects include headaches, irritability, fatigue, and swelling (edema). More serious potential side effects include ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) in women, characterized by enlarged ovaries, abdominal pain, and fluid retention. Men may experience breast growth (gynecomastia).
HCG use carries a risk of blood clots and severe allergic reactions. Certain conditions contraindicate HCG use, including precocious puberty, specific cancers (e.g., prostate cancer or other androgen-dependent neoplasms), and a history of blood clots. Individuals with uncontrolled thyroid or adrenal gland disorders, or a history of migraines, epilepsy, or asthma, should use HCG with caution.
HCG is a medication that requires a valid prescription from a licensed healthcare provider. Obtaining HCG without a prescription is illegal and can be dangerous due to the potential for impure or ineffective products. Proper storage of HCG, especially injectable forms, is necessary to maintain its effectiveness, and safe disposal of needles and syringes is crucial to prevent injury and contamination. Consulting with a healthcare professional before starting any HCG regimen is essential to ensure its appropriate and safe use.