Trigger thumb, medically known as stenosing tenosynovitis, is a common condition that limits the smooth movement of the thumb. It often causes a painful catching or locking sensation, which can interfere with daily activities. Splinting offers a non-invasive approach to manage this condition by providing rest to the affected tendon.
What is Trigger Thumb?
Trigger thumb occurs when the flexor tendon or its surrounding sheath in the thumb becomes inflamed and thickened. This inflammation creates a size mismatch, preventing the tendon from gliding smoothly through the narrow pulley system at the base of the thumb. Symptoms often include a painful clicking, popping, or catching sensation when bending or straightening the thumb. Some individuals may also experience stiffness, tenderness, or a small lump at the base of the thumb where it meets the palm. This condition can worsen over time, potentially leading to the thumb becoming stuck in a bent position.
Choosing the Right Splint
Selecting an appropriate splint is an important step in managing trigger thumb. The primary goal is to keep the thumb in a straight, extended position, allowing the inflamed tendon and sheath to rest and recover. Options include ready-made “trigger finger splints” or “thumb spica splints,” which vary in material like neoprene, plastic, or fabric, and may feature adjustable straps. Some designs, like the Oval-8 splint, are plastic and block movement at a specific joint to prevent triggering while allowing some hand use. When choosing, consider comfort, breathability, and how well it immobilizes the thumb while permitting necessary hand function.
Applying a Trigger Thumb Splint
Proper application of a trigger thumb splint is crucial for its effectiveness. Begin by ensuring your thumb is in a straight, slightly extended position, avoiding bending at the joint where catching occurs. For many pre-fabricated splints, slide your thumb through a designated opening, orienting the splint so rigid supports align with the top or side of your thumb. The material should feel smooth against your skin, with any rougher, adjustable surfaces facing outwards.
Secure the splint using its straps, typically around the palm and wrist. Fasten these straps snugly enough to prevent thumb movement, but never so tightly that they restrict circulation or cause discomfort. You should be able to comfortably slide one finger under the secured straps.
Check for correct placement by attempting to bend your thumb; the splint should prevent the “triggering” motion. Applying the splint too loosely allows the thumb to continue bending and triggering, while too tightly can lead to swelling, numbness, or skin irritation. The splint should stabilize the thumb without causing increased pain or stiffness in other parts of the hand.
Wearing and Caring for Your Splint
A trigger thumb splint is typically worn continuously for several weeks, often including overnight. Wearing it during sleep is beneficial, as symptoms often worsen then. While continuous wear is recommended, the splint may be removed for hygiene, such as washing or showering, or for specific activities requiring full thumb mobility, though this should be done with medical advice.
Care involves regular cleaning with lukewarm water and mild soap, then air drying completely before reapplying. Avoid hot water or placing the splint near heat sources, as this can damage the material. Regularly inspect the skin beneath the splint for any signs of irritation, redness, pressure sores, or tingling. If these occur, remove the splint and consult a healthcare professional. Limit activities involving heavy gripping, pinching, or repetitive thumb movements to further aid recovery.
When to Consult a Doctor
While splinting can be an effective non-invasive treatment for trigger thumb, professional medical advice is sometimes necessary. Consult a doctor if symptoms do not improve or worsen after a few weeks of consistent splinting. Seek immediate medical attention if you experience increased pain, swelling, or redness in the thumb, or if you notice numbness, tingling, or changes in skin color, as these could indicate circulation issues or an infection. If your thumb becomes completely stuck in a bent position and cannot be straightened, a medical evaluation is warranted.