Early detection of scoliosis allows for timely intervention, potentially reducing the need for more invasive treatments and ensuring appropriate care.
Basics of Scoliosis
Scoliosis describes a sideways curvature of the spine, where the backbone forms an S- or C-shape rather than remaining straight when viewed from behind. While the spine naturally has curves from front to back, scoliosis involves an abnormal sideways bend. This condition can affect individuals at any age, but it most often begins in older children and teenagers, particularly during growth spurts.
Scoliosis is found in an estimated 2% to 3% of the population. The most common form, adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, has no known cause but may have a genetic link. Early identification helps prevent the curve from worsening and minimizes long-term health issues like chronic back pain.
At-Home Screening Steps
At-home screening can involve a simple visual check, often highlighted by the Adam’s forward bend test. To perform this test, an individual should remove their shirt so the spine is visible. They then bend forward at the waist, keeping their feet together, knees straight, and arms hanging freely.
While bending, an observer should look from behind for asymmetries in the back. Key indicators include uneven shoulders, a prominent shoulder blade, or an uneven waistline.
One hip may appear elevated, or the body might lean constantly to one side. The presence of a “rib hump,” where one side of the rib cage appears higher or more noticeable, is a significant sign of spinal rotation.
Professional Screening Approaches
Medical professionals employ specific examinations to screen for scoliosis, often starting with a physical assessment. Doctors or school nurses observe a child from the front, back, and side to assess posture and symmetry. This includes checking if the head is centered over the pelvis and looking for uneven shoulders, shoulder blades, or hips.
Professionals also use the Adam’s forward bend test, looking for visible spinal curvature or a rib prominence indicating rotational deformity. They may also use a scoliometer, a device measuring the angle of trunk rotation for a more objective assessment. A scoliometer reading of 5 to 7 degrees or more often warrants further evaluation.
Next Steps After Screening
If scoliosis is suspected following either an at-home check or a professional screening, the next step involves further medical evaluation. A healthcare provider will recommend imaging tests to confirm a diagnosis and assess the curve’s severity. X-rays are the primary imaging method, providing clear images of the entire spine from different angles. These images allow doctors to measure the Cobb angle, which quantifies the degree of spinal curvature. A curve measuring 10 degrees or more on an X-ray is considered scoliosis.
In some situations, if an underlying condition such as a spinal cord issue is suspected, or for detailed preoperative planning, a doctor might order an MRI or CT scan. After confirming scoliosis, the healthcare provider will determine a management plan based on the curve’s severity and the patient’s remaining growth. This may involve observation, bracing, or, in some cases, referral to an orthopedic surgeon for specialized care.