Earwax, medically known as cerumen, is a naturally occurring substance produced in the outer part of the ear canal. This waxy material protects the delicate ear canal from dust, dirt, and foreign particles. Cerumen also possesses lubricating and antibacterial properties, maintaining ear health. While the ear typically self-cleans, with jaw movements helping old wax migrate out, certain factors can disrupt this process, leading to buildup or impaction. Narrow ear canals, excessive ear hair, frequent use of earplugs or hearing aids, and cotton swabs can push wax deeper, causing it to accumulate and harden.
When Not to Attempt Home Flushing
Home ear wax removal can be risky and is not suitable for everyone. Avoid home flushing if there is any suspicion of a perforated eardrum or if ear tubes are present. Flushing in these situations can introduce water into the middle ear, potentially leading to infection, severe pain, or further damage. Individuals who have recently undergone ear surgery should also refrain from home irrigation, as it can interfere with healing and cause complications.
If an ear infection is suspected, characterized by symptoms like severe ear pain, discharge, or fever, home flushing should be avoided. Flushing an infected ear can worsen the infection or push bacteria deeper into the ear canal. Any discharge from the ear, a foul odor, or persistent dizziness also signal a need for professional medical evaluation.
Step-by-Step Guide to Home Ear Wax Removal
For individuals without contraindications, home ear wax flushing can be performed safely. Gather a rubber bulb syringe designed for ear cleaning, a small bowl, warm water, a towel, and an ear wax softening solution (e.g., mineral oil, baby oil, glycerin, or over-the-counter drops containing hydrogen peroxide). Ensure all items are clean before use.
Begin by softening the earwax for several days before flushing. Apply a few drops of the softening solution into the affected ear, typically twice daily for 3 to 5 days. Tilt the head to the side, allowing the drops to penetrate the wax, and remain in this position for 5 to 10 minutes before draining any excess liquid. This step helps loosen and break down hardened cerumen, making it easier to remove.
Once the wax is softened, prepare for flushing by filling the bulb syringe with lukewarm water, ideally near body temperature (37°C to 40°C). Water that is too cold or too hot can induce dizziness. Lean your head sideways over a sink or basin, with the ear to be flushed facing upward. Gently pull the outer ear up and back to help straighten the ear canal.
Carefully insert the tip of the bulb syringe just inside the ear canal opening, taking care not to push it in too deeply. Gently squeeze the bulb to release a slow, steady stream of water along the roof of the ear canal. Allow the water to drain out of the ear into the sink, carrying loosened wax with it. Repeat this process several times if needed, but stop immediately if any pain or discomfort occurs. After flushing, gently pat the outer ear dry with a clean towel.
After Flushing and When to Seek Professional Help
Following home ear flushing, some temporary sensations are common. A feeling of fullness or slight dizziness should subside quickly. Gently drying the outer ear helps prevent moisture buildup.
If home methods do not resolve the earwax blockage or if new symptoms develop, seek professional medical attention. Consult a healthcare provider if you experience persistent ear pain, ringing in the ears (tinnitus), worsening hearing loss, discharge from the ear, or dizziness that does not quickly subside. Also seek help if the earwax blockage remains after several attempts at home flushing.
Healthcare professionals have various safe and effective methods for earwax removal. These include gentle irrigation with specialized equipment, manual removal using instruments like curettes or forceps, or microsuction, which uses a small vacuum. These techniques are performed by trained individuals who assess the ear’s condition and ensure safe removal, minimizing risks of injury or infection.