Staghorn ferns (Platycerium spp.) are unique epiphytic plants that naturally grow on trees in tropical and subtropical regions. They absorb moisture and nutrients from the air and rain, rather than from soil. Proper watering is fundamental to replicating their natural environment and ensuring their well-being in a home setting.
Identifying an Underwatered Staghorn Fern
Observing your staghorn fern for changes in its appearance indicates a lack of water. Antler fronds, the large, bifurcated leaves, may wilt, droop, or appear dull. Their tips or edges might turn brown and become crispy.
Shield fronds, the round, plate-like leaves at the base that protect the root ball, also show signs of underwatering. While these fronds naturally turn brown and dry as they mature, underwatered shield fronds might feel less pliable or become brittle. The overall plant may feel noticeably lighter than usual if you are able to lift it.
Common Reasons for Underwatering
Several factors can contribute to a staghorn fern becoming underwatered. Low humidity levels cause the plant to lose moisture quickly. Excessive heat or strong air circulation also accelerates moisture evaporation from the plant and its growing medium.
Human-related factors also contribute. Infrequent watering is a direct cause, as staghorn ferns require consistent moisture. Incorrect watering techniques, like shallow watering, can leave the deeper parts of the plant dry. The mounting material or potting medium might not be retaining enough moisture.
How to Revive Your Staghorn Fern
To rehydrate an underwatered staghorn fern, a gentle and thorough approach is beneficial. One effective method is to soak the entire plant (including its mounting board or root ball) in room-temperature water. Submerge the plant face down in a sink or basin for 10 to 30 minutes, or until the root ball and moss are fully saturated and no more air bubbles emerge.
After soaking, allow the plant to drip dry completely before re-hanging it to prevent rot. Between soakings, gentle misting of the fronds can provide additional moisture and increase humidity around the plant. This gradual reintroduction of water helps avoid shocking the plant and allows it to slowly absorb moisture.
Watering Practices for a Healthy Staghorn Fern
Establishing a consistent watering routine is important for the long-term health of your staghorn fern. The frequency of watering depends on environmental factors like ambient temperature, humidity, and the plant’s growth stage. Watering once per week in warmer, drier conditions and every one to two weeks during cooler months is a good starting point.
For mounted plants, thorough soaking remains an effective technique. If the plant is in a pot, water until it drains from the bottom, allowing the top inch or two of the medium to dry before the next watering. Misting regularly helps maintain the high humidity these epiphytic plants prefer. Using rainwater or distilled water is preferred over tap water to avoid mineral buildup.