Sinus pressure is a common and uncomfortable symptom reported by individuals with COVID-19. This article offers practical strategies and guidance for alleviating sinus pressure associated with COVID-19.
Understanding Sinus Pressure and COVID-19
COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, is a respiratory infection that can lead to inflammation and congestion in the nasal passages and sinuses. When the virus enters the upper respiratory tract, it can trigger an immune response that causes the tissues lining the sinuses to swell. This swelling can prevent mucus from draining properly, leading to a buildup of fluid and pressure within the sinus cavities. The resulting discomfort is often felt as pain or fullness behind the eyes, in the cheekbones, forehead, or across the bridge of the nose. Sinus pressure is a reported symptom of COVID-19.
Home-Based Relief Strategies
Several home-based approaches can help alleviate sinus pressure. Nasal irrigation, using a saline solution, can effectively clear nasal passages by washing away irritants and excess mucus. You can use a neti pot, squeeze bottle, or bulb syringe with a solution made from distilled, sterile, or previously boiled and cooled water mixed with non-iodized salt. When performing a rinse, lean over a sink, tilt your head, and gently pour or squeeze the solution into one nostril, allowing it to drain from the other.
Steam inhalation is a helpful method, as the warm, moist air can help loosen thick mucus and soothe irritated nasal passages. You can achieve this by leaning over a bowl of hot water with a towel draped over your head, or by sitting in a steamy bathroom with a hot shower running. Inhaling steam for about 5-10 minutes can provide relief. Applying a warm compress to the face can also reduce swelling and promote sinus drainage. Simply dampen a washcloth with warm water and place it over your eyes and nose for 10-15 minutes.
Staying well-hydrated is important, as adequate fluid intake helps keep mucus thin and flowing, preventing it from becoming stagnant and promoting drainage. Drinking plenty of water, juice, or warm teas helps keep mucus thin. Using a humidifier in your living space can add moisture to the air, which helps prevent nasal dryness and thins mucus, making it easier to clear. Ensure humidifiers are cleaned regularly to prevent the growth of mold and bacteria.
Over-the-Counter Medications
Over-the-counter (OTC) medications can provide relief from COVID-19 related sinus pressure. Oral decongestants, such as pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine, work by narrowing blood vessels in the nasal passages to reduce swelling and improve airflow. However, these can increase blood pressure and should be used with caution by individuals with conditions like hypertension. Nasal decongestant sprays, like oxymetazoline, offer localized relief but should not be used for more than three days to avoid rebound congestion, where symptoms worsen after discontinuing use.
Pain relievers and anti-inflammatories, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, can help manage the facial pain and headache associated with sinus pressure. Acetaminophen is often preferred for fever and body aches, while NSAIDs like ibuprofen can also reduce inflammation. It is important to follow dosage instructions carefully for all OTC medications. Antihistamines, such as loratadine or cetirizine, may also be helpful if allergy-like symptoms contribute to congestion, though some older antihistamines can cause drowsiness. Always consult with a pharmacist or healthcare provider, especially if you have existing medical conditions or are taking other medications, to ensure safe use.
Knowing When to Get Medical Help
While many cases of COVID-19 related sinus pressure can be managed at home, it is important to recognize when medical attention is needed. If your symptoms worsen significantly, or if you experience severe pain that does not improve with home remedies or OTC medications, contact a healthcare provider. Pay attention to signs such as a high fever that persists or increases, facial swelling, changes in vision, or new and severe headaches.
Symptoms lasting longer than expected, typically more than 7 to 10 days without improvement, should also prompt a medical evaluation. While viral infections usually resolve on their own, persistent symptoms might indicate a secondary bacterial sinus infection, which may require antibiotics. If you experience trouble breathing, persistent chest pain or pressure, or new confusion, seek emergency medical care immediately.