Sublingual administration involves placing medication directly under the tongue, allowing substances to diffuse into the bloodstream through the tissues in that area. This method ensures the medication works as intended, leading to effective treatment.
Understanding Sublingual Administration
Medication is administered sublingually because the area beneath the tongue contains a rich network of blood vessels. This allows for rapid absorption directly into the systemic circulation.
Unlike orally swallowed medications, sublingual drugs bypass the digestive system and the liver, avoiding the “first-pass effect.” This effect refers to a drug’s metabolism by the liver before it reaches general circulation, which can reduce its effectiveness. By circumventing this process, sublingual administration leads to a faster onset of action and improved bioavailability. This method is useful for medications that need to act quickly or those degraded by stomach acid or digestive enzymes if swallowed.
How to Properly Take Sublingual Medicine
Begin by washing your hands thoroughly with soap and water to prevent the transfer of germs. Ensure you are sitting upright, as this position helps to prevent accidental swallowing and aids in keeping the medication in place. If your mouth feels dry, you may take a small sip of water 10 to 15 minutes before administering the medication to ensure enough saliva is present for dissolution.
Carefully place the sublingual tablet or film directly under your tongue. Avoid placing it elsewhere in your mouth, as the sublingual area is specifically designed for this type of absorption. Once the medication is in place, allow it to dissolve completely on its own without chewing, sucking, or swallowing it.
Most sublingual medications dissolve within one to three minutes and begin to work within 15 minutes. Maintain stillness and avoid talking as much as possible while the medication dissolves. Swallowing the medication prematurely can reduce its effectiveness because it will then pass through the digestive system, where it may be broken down and not absorbed efficiently. Refrain from eating or drinking until the medication has fully dissolved and has had time to be absorbed.
Key Tips for Sublingual Medication
If you accidentally swallow the medication, consult your pharmacist or doctor for guidance on whether to adjust your dosage. Avoid smoking during the dissolution period and for at least 30 to 45 minutes afterward, as it can constrict blood vessels and reduce absorption. Brushing your teeth immediately before or after taking the medication is also not recommended, as it can interfere with absorption. If the medication does not dissolve as expected, or if you experience any irritation in your mouth, contact your pharmacist or doctor for advice. Always follow the specific instructions provided by your healthcare provider for your particular sublingual medication.