Saddle nose deformity is a condition where the bridge of the nose appears sunken or collapsed, creating a concave shape. While often a cosmetic concern, it can also lead to functional issues, such as difficulty breathing. The condition arises from damage to the nasal septum, the cartilage and bone structure that provides support for the nose. Understanding the factors that contribute to this damage is important for preventing its development.
Understanding the Underlying Causes
Various factors can compromise the nasal septum, leading to the characteristic collapse of the nasal bridge. Trauma is a common cause, including severe nasal injuries, fractures, or direct blows to the nose. Sports injuries, accidents, or falls are frequent sources of such trauma.
A septal hematoma, a collection of blood under the lining of the septum, poses a particular risk. This blood accumulation can interfere with the blood supply to the septal cartilage, leading to its necrosis. If left untreated, this can result in cartilage disintegration and subsequent nasal collapse.
Certain autoimmune diseases can cause inflammation and destruction of cartilage. Conditions like Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (formerly Wegener’s granulomatosis) and relapsing polychondritis involve the immune system attacking cartilage. This chronic inflammation can erode the nasal structures over time.
Severe nasal infections, such as syphilis and leprosy, can erode the septum. They cause tissue deterioration, weakening its support. Intranasal substance use, particularly cocaine, can damage nasal tissues. This reduces blood flow, causing tissue damage and collapse.
Previous nasal surgeries, such as septoplasty or rhinoplasty, can also cause this deformity. If too much cartilage or bone is removed during these procedures, or if insufficient post-operative care is provided, complications like septal perforation or collapse may occur.
General Prevention Measures
Protecting the nose from injury is a primary prevention measure. Wearing appropriate protective gear during sports, such as helmets with face shields for contact sports, mitigates the risk of nasal trauma. Caution in daily life also reduces nasal injuries.
Seeking prompt medical attention for any significant nasal trauma is important. If an injury is accompanied by severe pain, swelling, or difficulty breathing, seek medical evaluation for septal hematoma or fractures. Early assessment prevents complications.
Managing underlying health conditions is important. Individuals diagnosed with autoimmune diseases, such as granulomatosis with polyangiitis or relapsing polychondritis, should adhere to their medical treatment plans. Proper management prevents inflammation and cartilage damage.
Avoiding intranasal substance use is essential. Snorting substances like cocaine damages nasal tissues by constricting blood vessels. This causes tissue death and septal perforation, resulting in a collapsed nasal bridge.
Prevention After Injury or Surgery
Prompt medical evaluation after nasal trauma is important. A medical professional should check for a septal hematoma. If a hematoma is present, it requires immediate drainage to restore blood supply and prevent necrosis. Follow-up care ensures proper healing and monitors for re-accumulation.
For individuals undergoing nasal surgery, selecting a board-certified and experienced surgeon is important. Proper surgical technique, which includes careful preservation of septal support structures, minimizes complications. Diligent post-operative care is essential, including avoiding trauma, adhering to activity restrictions, and attending follow-up appointments. These measures monitor healing and detect issues like infection or hematoma early.
Individuals should be vigilant for any persistent pain, swelling, discharge, or changes in nasal shape following a nasal injury or surgery. Report these symptoms immediately for early intervention. Addressing these signs quickly prevents minor issues from progressing.