Caladiums are popular tropical foliage plants, known for their striking, colorful leaves in shades of white, pink, red, and green. They offer a vibrant display, adding visual interest to both indoor and outdoor spaces with their unique patterns and long-lasting color, distinguishing them from traditional flowering plants.
Planting and Growing Caladiums
Caladiums can be started from tubers or purchased as nursery plants. For outdoor planting, wait until air temperatures consistently reach at least 60°F and soil temperatures are around 65°F to 70°F, typically after the last frost. Planting too early in cool soil can slow growth or lead to tuber rot.
When planting tubers, position them with the growth points facing upward, about 1.5 to 2 inches deep. Space tubers 6 to 18 inches apart, depending on size and desired density. For outdoor beds, choose a location with filtered sunlight or partial shade. If planting in containers, ensure adequate drainage and use well-draining soil.
Caladium Care
Light
Caladiums thrive in bright, indirect light. Outdoors, choose a spot with filtered sunlight or partial shade, protecting them from intense afternoon sun. Too much direct sun can scorch leaves, while insufficient light dulls colors. Indoors, place them near an east-facing window or a few feet from an unobstructed southern or western window for ample ambient light.
Water
Consistent moisture is important for Caladiums, but they do not tolerate soggy conditions. Water plants regularly, allowing the top inch or two of soil to dry slightly between waterings. Overwatering can lead to root rot, while under-watering causes leaves to yellow or droop.
Soil and Potting
Caladiums require well-draining soil rich in organic matter and slightly acidic (pH 5.5-6.5). For garden beds, amend heavy clay soils with compost to improve drainage. When potting, use a high-quality potting mix with organic matter and containers with adequate drainage holes. Choose a pot size that allows for root expansion.
Humidity and Temperature
These tropical plants prefer warm temperatures and high humidity. Ideal daytime temperatures range from 70°F to 85°F, with nighttime temperatures staying above 60°F to 65°F. Low humidity can cause browning leaf edges. To increase humidity around indoor plants, use pebble trays, group plants, or employ a humidifier, aiming for levels between 50-80%.
Fertilizing
Caladiums are not heavy feeders but benefit from regular fertilization during their active growing season. Apply a balanced liquid fertilizer every two to six weeks. For potted plants, a slow-release granular fertilizer can be used at the beginning of the season. Over-fertilization can lead to leaf burn and tuber damage, so follow product instructions.
Common Caladium Problems and Solutions
Yellowing leaves often indicate improper watering or nutrient deficiency. Adjust watering frequency or apply a balanced fertilizer.
Browning leaf edges or tips suggest low humidity, excessive sun, or inconsistent watering. Increase humidity, move to a shadier spot, or adjust watering. Dull leaf color or poor variegation indicates incorrect light; adjust exposure to encourage better coloration.
Caladiums can attract pests like spider mites, aphids, mealybugs, and thrips. Inspect plants regularly and treat infestations with insecticidal soap or neem oil. Root rot, a fungal issue, results from overwatering and poor drainage. It causes wilting or yellowing leaves and a foul smell. Improve watering habits and ensure well-draining soil.
Winterizing and Storing Caladiums
In cooler climates where Caladiums are not winter-hardy, tubers need to be dug up and stored. As temperatures drop below 60°F and foliage yellows, reduce watering. Once foliage dies back, gently dig up the tubers, keeping the leaves attached initially.
After digging, allow tubers to air dry in a well-ventilated, dry place for one to two weeks to cure them. Once dry, remove any remaining soil and trim shriveled foliage about 1 inch above the tuber. Store cleaned tubers in a cool, dry, dark, and well-ventilated location, ideally between 50°F and 65°F. Packing them in dry peat moss, vermiculite, or sawdust can help prevent drying or rotting.
Caladium Toxicity and Safety
All parts of the Caladium plant are toxic if ingested, due to the presence of calcium oxalate crystals, which cause irritation. Ingestion can lead to symptoms like burning and irritation of the mouth, throat, and digestive tract, swelling, and difficulty swallowing. Keep Caladium plants out of reach of children and pets. If ingestion occurs, seek immediate medical or veterinary attention.