An eardrum infection, or myringitis, is an inflammation of the tympanic membrane, the thin tissue separating the ear canal from the middle ear. It is a specific form of otitis media affecting the eardrum. Recognizing its signs is important for ear health and preventing complications.
Common Symptoms
Ear pain is a common symptom, often described as sharp, throbbing, or dull. This discomfort can be constant or intermittent, sometimes worsening suddenly before a temporary decrease in intensity, particularly if the eardrum ruptures. Pain typically lasts 24 to 48 hours.
Hearing changes commonly accompany an eardrum infection, including muffled sounds or reduced hearing. Many describe a feeling of fullness or pressure inside the ear, often due to fluid accumulation behind the eardrum.
Discharge from the ear can indicate an eardrum infection, especially if the eardrum has perforated. This fluid can be clear, pus-like, or bloody. Such drainage suggests a tear in the eardrum, which often heals within a few weeks.
Other symptoms include fever, which may range from mild to moderate. In young children, irritability, fussiness, and ear tugging are common. Nausea, vomiting, or dizziness may also occur, particularly if the infection causes issues with balance.
Differentiating from Other Ear Issues
Distinguishing an eardrum infection from other common ear problems is important, as several conditions present with similar discomfort.
Swimmer’s Ear (Otitis Externa)
Swimmer’s ear primarily involves the outer ear canal. Pain often intensifies when the earlobe is pulled or the tragus is pressed. This condition typically causes redness, swelling, and itching in the external ear.
Earwax Buildup
Earwax buildup can cause discomfort and hearing changes. This typically results in a gradual feeling of fullness or blockage and muffled hearing, usually without significant pain or fever unless severe. Unlike infections, earwax rarely causes sharp pain or discharge unless it leads to secondary irritation.
Middle Ear Infections (Otitis Media)
Middle ear infections are infections of the space behind the eardrum. Myringitis specifically involves inflammation and blistering on the eardrum itself. While both can cause ear pain and fluid buildup, myringitis is characterized by painful blisters on the eardrum, which are not always present in other forms of otitis media.
Referred Pain
Pain originating from outside the ear, known as referred pain, can also be felt in the ear. This pain often stems from jaw issues like temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders, or problems in the throat or teeth. Referred pain typically lacks specific ear infection symptoms like discharge or visible eardrum changes.
When Professional Help is Needed
Seeking medical attention is advised if ear pain persists or worsens over 2 to 3 days, especially if accompanied by a high fever. Any ear discharge (clear, pus-filled, or bloody) warrants a professional evaluation to assess for eardrum perforation or other complications.
Sudden or significant hearing loss in one or both ears should prompt a visit to a healthcare provider. If ear symptoms include dizziness, loss of balance, or severe headaches, these could indicate a more serious condition. For infants or young children with ear pain, fussiness, or other related symptoms, seek medical advice promptly. If symptoms do not improve within 24 to 48 hours, professional evaluation is crucial for proper diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and to prevent complications.