Capsular contracture is a common complication that can occur after breast implant surgery. This condition involves the formation of scar tissue around the breast implant, which then abnormally tightens and compresses the implant. While a natural scar tissue capsule forms around any implant as part of the body’s healing process, capsular contracture occurs when this capsule becomes unusually hard.
Early Indicators
The initial signs of capsular contracture can be subtle and might easily be overlooked. One of the first noticeable changes is often a feeling of increased firmness in the affected breast compared to the other breast or to its initial post-surgical softness. Some individuals may also experience slight discomfort, tenderness, or a feeling of tightness around the implant.
A subtle change in the breast’s shape or position can also serve as an early indicator. The breast might appear slightly higher on the chest wall or feel as though it is being squeezed. This early firmness or subtle positional change often develops gradually, sometimes within months after surgery, but can also manifest years later.
Developing Symptoms and Appearance Changes
As capsular contracture progresses, the symptoms typically become more pronounced and visually apparent. The hardening of the breast can become significant, feeling distinctly firm. This increased firmness is often accompanied by persistent pain or tightness in the breast, which can worsen over time and may cause discomfort during daily activities or when lying down.
Noticeable distortion of the breast’s appearance is a clear sign of progression. The breast might take on a more rounded or unnatural shape, or the implant could be displaced, appearing higher on the chest. Asymmetry between the breasts can develop, where one breast becomes firmer, higher, or differently shaped than the other. Rippling or wrinkling of the skin over the implant may also become visible. Changes in nipple sensitivity or position can also occur due to the tightening of the surrounding tissue.
Professional Consultation and Next Steps
Self-diagnosis of capsular contracture is not definitive, and anyone experiencing these symptoms should consult their plastic surgeon or a qualified medical professional. A thorough physical examination by a specialist is often the primary method for diagnosing capsular contracture. During this assessment, the doctor will evaluate the breast’s firmness, shape, and any associated pain.
In some cases, the medical professional may recommend imaging tests such as an ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to gain further insight. These imaging techniques can help assess the thickness of the fibrous capsule around the implant, detect implant deformation, or rule out other issues like implant rupture, although a physical exam can be as accurate for diagnosing contracture itself. Professional medical advice is essential for an accurate diagnosis and to determine the appropriate management plan, ensuring the best possible outcome for the individual.