Biceps tendonitis describes irritation and swelling in the tendons that connect the biceps muscle to the bone. This condition can develop in the shoulder, affecting the long head of the biceps tendon, or less commonly, at the elbow where the biceps attaches to the forearm bone. It typically arises from either overuse or a sudden injury, causing discomfort and affecting arm movement.
Recognizing the Symptoms
A primary symptom of biceps tendonitis is pain or tenderness located in the front of the shoulder. This pain is often described as a deep, throbbing ache that can extend down the upper arm. This discomfort frequently intensifies with specific movements, such as lifting the arm overhead or engaging in activities that involve repetitive arm motions. Pain may also worsen at night, particularly if pressure is applied to the affected shoulder during sleep.
Beyond pain, individuals might also experience weakness when moving the shoulder or arm, making daily tasks challenging. An occasional snapping sound or sensation in the shoulder area can also be present, indicating instability of the tendon. While less common, a sudden, sharp pain with a visible bulge in the upper arm could signal a complete tendon tear.
Understanding the Causes and Risk Factors
Biceps tendonitis often results from the repeated strain placed on the biceps tendons over time, leading to inflammation. As people age, the tendons naturally undergo wear and tear, becoming less elastic and more susceptible to irritation and fraying. This age-related degeneration can be accelerated by repetitive overhead motions, a common factor in various sports like swimming, baseball, tennis, and golf.
Occupations or daily activities requiring frequent lifting or reaching overhead can also contribute to the condition’s development. A sudden, forceful load or trauma to the arm can also trigger biceps tendonitis. This condition frequently co-occurs with other shoulder issues, such as rotator cuff tears, shoulder arthritis, or instability. These can alter normal shoulder mechanics and place additional stress on the biceps tendon.
Simple Self-Tests for Bicep Tendonitis
Several simple movements can help indicate potential biceps tendonitis, though these are not definitive diagnostic tools. One common approach involves gently pressing on the bicipital groove, a bony channel located at the front of your upper arm, just below the shoulder. Tenderness or pain when touching this area can strongly suggest tendon irritation.
Another test is the “Speed’s Test,” where you extend your arm straight out in front of you, palm facing upward, with your elbow fully straight. A second person can then gently push down on your arm while you resist. Increased pain in the front of the shoulder during this resisted motion, especially with the palm facing up, can be a strong indicator of biceps tendonitis.
The “Yergason’s Test” involves bending your elbow to 90 degrees, keeping it close to your side, and then rotating your forearm outwards (palm up) against resistance. Pain or a clicking sensation in the bicipital groove during this movement may also indicate tendon issues.
When to Consult a Healthcare Professional
While mild cases of biceps tendonitis may improve with rest, ice, and over-the-counter pain relievers within a few weeks, certain signs suggest it is time to seek medical attention. If the pain persists despite conservative measures, worsens over time, or significantly interferes with your ability to perform daily activities, a healthcare provider should be consulted.
Sharp, sudden pain or a visible change in the bicep muscle, such as a bulge, requires immediate professional evaluation. These could indicate a tendon tear.
A doctor will typically conduct a physical examination, assessing your range of motion, strength, and tenderness in the affected area. They may also recommend imaging tests, such as an ultrasound or MRI, to confirm the diagnosis, evaluate the extent of tendon damage, or identify any co-existing shoulder conditions. Early consultation with a healthcare professional ensures an accurate diagnosis and appropriate management plan.