Distinguishing between a yeast infection and a urinary tract infection (UTI) can be challenging due to some overlapping symptoms. Both conditions can cause discomfort in the genital area, leading to confusion. This article clarifies the distinct characteristics of each infection to help individuals understand their symptoms.
Common Symptoms of Yeast Infections
Vaginal yeast infections, also known as candidiasis, occur when there is an overgrowth of the fungus Candida, which naturally lives in the body. The most noticeable symptom is often intense itching in and around the vagina and vulva. This itching can range from mild to severe, and may be accompanied by soreness or inflammation.
Many individuals also experience a thick, white vaginal discharge that resembles cottage cheese and typically does not have a strong odor. Other common signs include a burning sensation, particularly during urination or sexual intercourse, and redness or swelling of the vaginal and vulval tissues. Small cuts or tiny cracks in the skin of the vulva can also appear.
Common Symptoms of Urinary Tract Infections
A urinary tract infection (UTI) develops when bacteria, most often E. coli from the digestive tract, enter and multiply within the urinary system. A frequent and intense urge to urinate is a hallmark symptom, even when only a small amount of urine is produced. This urgency often comes with a burning sensation during urination.
Individuals with a UTI may also notice changes in their urine, such as it appearing cloudy, dark, or having a strong, foul odor. In some instances, blood may be present, causing the urine to look reddish or pink. Pain or pressure in the lower abdomen, pelvic area, or lower back is also commonly reported.
Key Differences in Symptoms
While both yeast infections and UTIs can cause discomfort during urination, the underlying reason for this symptom differs. With a yeast infection, the burning sensation typically arises from urine irritating the inflamed, external vaginal and vulval tissues. In contrast, a UTI causes pain during urination because the internal urethra is inflamed due to the bacterial infection.
A distinguishing feature of yeast infections is the presence of a thick, white, odorless vaginal discharge, often described as having a cottage cheese-like consistency. UTIs, however, do not typically cause changes in vaginal discharge. Instead, UTIs are characterized by specific urinary symptoms such as a persistent urge to urinate, even after emptying the bladder, and urine that may appear cloudy, dark, or have a strong smell. Yeast infections primarily cause external itching and irritation of the vulva and vagina, whereas UTIs are more associated with pain or pressure in the lower abdomen or back.
When to Seek Medical Advice
Consulting a healthcare professional is advisable for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment of either a yeast infection or a UTI. Self-diagnosis can be unreliable, and incorrect treatment may worsen the condition or delay proper care. It is particularly important to seek medical attention if symptoms persist or worsen, or if it is your first time experiencing such symptoms, as they can mimic other, more serious conditions like sexually transmitted infections.
Immediate medical consultation is important if symptoms are accompanied by a fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, or pain in the side or back, as these could indicate a more severe infection, such as a kidney infection. Pregnant individuals should also contact their doctor promptly if they suspect either infection due to potential complications.