Cholla is a type of cactus, recognized as the genus Cylindropuntia. These plants are well-adapted to hot, dry climates, capable of withstanding intense heat and drought.
Identifying Cholla Plants
Cholla plants are distinguished by their segmented, cylindrical stems. These stems are covered in dense, barbed spines, making them difficult to remove once embedded. Some species have spines encased in a papery sheath, which helps reflect sunlight and prevent water loss.
Over 35 species of cholla exist, varying from low-growing shrubs to tree-like forms up to 13 feet tall. Notable types include “jumping cholla” (Cylindropuntia fulgida) and “teddy bear cholla” (Cylindropuntia bigelovii), known for their easily detachable segments. Cholla cacti produce cup-shaped flowers from spring to early summer, in colors like yellow, pink, purple, and orange. After flowering, they develop fruits that can persist on the plant.
Cholla Habitats
Cholla cacti thrive in arid and semi-arid environments across the Southwestern United States and northern Mexico. They are commonly found in deserts like the Sonoran, Mojave, and Chihuahuan. These plants prefer well-draining soils, such as sandy or rocky areas, desert slopes, and dry washes. Their ability to store water in their stems allows them to withstand harsh desert conditions.
Dealing with Cholla Spines
Cholla spines detach easily and latch onto skin or clothing. Their barbed structure allows segments to cling tenaciously, and even a slight brush can cause them to embed. This makes them challenging to remove once they penetrate.
If a cholla segment or spine attaches, avoid using bare hands. Instead, use a comb, pliers, or tweezers to gently pull it away. For smaller glochids, apply duct tape to the affected area and quickly pull it off to extract them. Wearing thick gloves and long sleeves near these plants can help prevent contact.
Cholla’s Role in the Ecosystem
Cholla cacti are important components of desert ecosystems, supporting various species. Their dense, spiny branches provide shelter and nesting sites for desert wildlife, including birds like the cactus wren and Gila woodpecker, offering protection from predators. Cholla fruits are also a food source for many desert animals, such as birds, rodents, and javelina.
Beyond providing food and shelter, cholla plants contribute to soil stability and maintain the desert environment’s balance. Some Native American tribes have historically harvested cholla buds and fruits for food after carefully removing the spines, highlighting their traditional use.